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  • Amino acids  (3)
  • Aged brain  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-Tyrosine-3-hydroxylase regulation in the brain: genetic aspects (1992)
    Springer
    Amino acids 3 (1992), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Brain ; Genetics ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary L-tyrosine-3-hydroxylase (TH) is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline). Implication of dopamine (DA) in various psychopathological phenomena, such as schizophrenia, has considerably contributed to the intensity of investigation of basic biochemical regulation of TH by activation and induction. Here we consider a third, constitutional (genotypic) aspect of regulation and present evidence that differences in mesencephalic (TH/SN), striatal (TH/CS), and hypothalamic (TH/HT) TH activity between virtually isogeneic strains of mice can be explained by segregating genetic factors. Biometrical genetic analysis of progenitor strains and their crosses indicated significant additive gene effects for TH/SN, TH/CS, and TH/HT, whereas dominance effects were statistically non-significant. A monogenic model of inheritance for TH/SN and TH/CS could not be rejected, while more than one gene was indicated for TH/HT. Significant positive phenotypic correlations were found in genetically segregating populations among mesencephalic, striatal and hypothalamic TH activities. This would suggest that some common genetic factors (or linked genes) are involved in the genetic variation of all three traits. A genetic selection experiment to elucidate the cellular and biochemical mechanisms underlying these variations is in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805997
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levels of amino acids in 52 discrete areas of postmortem brain of adult and aged humans (1993)
    Springer
    Amino acids 5 (1993), S. 273-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Regional distribution ; Aged brain ; Amino acid levels ; Human brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a series of studies we have analyzed the regional distribution of the free amino acid pool in 52 discrete areas of postmortem brain of adult and aged humans. Here we show the distribution of eleven amino acids: alanine, methionine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, and histidine. As found previously for other amino acids, the distribution of these amino acids was seen to be heterogeneous, the level of the area of highest level being 3.4 to 10.7 times that of the area of the lowest level. On average we found a five- or six-fold difference in concentration between the highest and lowest level areas in the brain samples from adult and old respectively. The distribution patterns were found to be different for each amino acid; they were not similar even in the same class (amides, branched chain, basic amino acids), and they were different from those recently found in rat brain. Only a few changes, mostly increases, were found in the aged brain, such as increases in alanine and valine levels in cortical areas. In studies of changes in cerebral amino acid levels, the great regional heterogeneity of distribution has to be taken into account since changes in whole brain values may not reflect regional changes. The functional significance and the control of this regional heterogeneity are under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805990
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in free amino acid concentrations in serum, brain, and CSF throughout embryogenesis (1991)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 16 (1991), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Amino acids ; serum ; CSF ; brain ; embryo ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using the developing chick embryo as a model and a very sensitive micromethod for amino acid analysis, a complete analysis is presented of the developmental changes in free amino acid concentration in the blood, in the CSF, and in two different brain regions (optic lobe and frontal lobe) of the chick embryo (from day 4 of incubation, until day 5 post hatching). The developmental profile of Lys is the only one that is almost identical in all three compartments. The developmental profiles of the serum and of the brain are very similar for Arg and Phe, less so for Leu and Gly, and towards the end of the embryonic period, similar also for Val, Ile, Trp, and Met. The amino acid concentrations in the CSF are either much lower than in serum and brain already at the earliest stages, or they progressively decline to levels lower than those in brain and serum, most rapidly between day 6 and 8 of embryonic life. The concentrations of neuroactive amino acids (Gln, Glu, Asp, GABA, Tau, and Gly) in both brain regions begin to increase very early, and continue to rise, except Tau, which goes through a maximum at day 8. Comparative analysis of the developmental profiles of each amino acid in serum, brain, and CSF reveals that the blood supply and the cellular uptake, retention, and metabolism by neural cells are the major determinants of the free amino acid pool of the developing brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965702
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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