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Flexibility of the shoulder joint measured as range of abduction in a large representative sample of men and women over 65 years of age (1989)

Bassey, E. J. ; Morgan, K. ; Dallosso, H. M. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of applied physiology 58 (1989), S. 353-360

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ISSN: 1439-6327

Keywords: Age ; Ageing ; Flexibility ; Health ; Customary activity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary In a representative survey of 1000 elderly men and women aged over 65 years living in their own homes, assessments have been made of flexibility measured as range of shoulder abduction in addition to health status, psychological well-being and reported customary activity. The results for shoulder abduction were approximately normally distributed and the mean values (±1 standard deviation) were as follows: — in men aged 65–74 years, 129 (±14)° and aged over 74 years, 121 (±19)°; in women aged 65–74 years, 124 (±19)° and aged over 74 years, 114 (±22)°. These mean values are about 30° less than those accepted for younger subjects. Nearly half the distribution falls below the accepted threshold level of 120° for adequate function. There were significant effects of sex and age (P〈0.001); women had poorer flexibility and the reduction with age amounted to 10° per decade. Multiple regression analysis showed that the effect of age was accounted for in part by health, strength and customary use. The effects of use were most marked in those with some disability. This suggests that maintained or increased use could offset some of the age-related loss of the range of shoulder movement.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00643509

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TVD algorithms for the solution of the compressible Euler equations on unstructured meshes (1994)

Lyra, P. R. M. ; Morgan, K. ; Peraire, J. ; [et al.]

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 19 (1994), S. 827-847

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ISSN: 0271-2091

Keywords: TVD ; Unstructured mesh algorithms ; Euler equations ; Hypersonic flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: The Galerkin finite element method is used as the basis for the construction of schemes for the solution of the two-dimensional compressible Euler equations on unstructured triangular grids. The use of a side-based data structure readily allows for the construction of a local (structured) stencil and the incorporation of a high-resolution shock-capturing method formulated within the TVD concept. The essential features of the finite element side-based scheme and the ID TVD approach are described and their numerical implementation is discussed. The choice of limiters and the support for their computation are analysed and the solutions of some inviscid flows, obtained by advancing explicitly in time, are presented.

Additional Material: 18 Ill.