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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation ; FFF ; plasma proteins ; HAS ; lipoproteins ; N-Benzoyl-staurosporine ; recovery ; separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The applicability of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (Asymmetrical Flow FFF) as an alternative tool to examine the distribution of a lipophilic drug (N-Benzoyl-staurosporine) within human plasma protein fractions was investigated with respect to high separation speed and loss of material on surfaces due to adsorption. Methods. Field-Flow Fractionation is defined as a group of pseudo-chromatographic separation methods, where compounds are separated under the influence of an externally applied force based on differences in their physicochemical properties. This method was used to separate human plasma in its protein fractions. The drug distribution in the fractions was investigated by monitoring the fractionated eluate for drug content by fluorescence spectroscopy. Results. Human plasma was separated into human serum albumin (HSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), α2-macroglobulin and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions in less than ten minutes. Calibration of the system and identification of the individual fractions was performed using commercially available protein reference standards. The influence of membrane type and carrier solution composition on the absolute recovery of N-Benzoyl-staurosporine and fluorescein-isothio-cyanate-albumin (FITC-albumin) was found to be quite significant. Both factors were optimized during the course of the investigations. N-Benzoyl-staurosporine was found to be enriched in the fraction containing HSA. Conclusions. If experimental conditions are thoroughly selected and controlled to suppress drug and plasma protein adsorption at the separation membrane, Asymmetrical Flow FFF shows high recoveries and fast separation of human plasma proteins, and can be a reliable tool to characterize drug / plasma protein interactions. For analytical purposes it has the potential to rival established technologies like ultracentrifugation in terms of ease-of-use, precision, and separation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 3 (1986), S. 12-22 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: powder compression ; compression equations ; compactibility ; compressibility ; compression equations ; compact hardness tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In spite of the widespread use of tablets, the theoretical understanding of the tableting process has been limited. During the last decades considerable research has been done in the field of powder technology and compaction. A survey of the literature and compression equations reveals many studies on the characterization of powder properties, most of which relate to volume reduction under pressure, i.e., to the compressibility of the powder bed. For practical purposes, however, it is also important to know the compactibility of a powder bed, i.e., the ability of a powdered material to be compressed into a compact of specified strength. This strength has to be defined, e.g., as radial tensile strength or deformation hardness. Thus the first part of this review comprises the theory of powder compression of individual substances, compression parameters, compression equations, and mechanical properties of compacts, including compact strength tests and compact hardness tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 3 (1986), S. 65-74 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: compression ; compressibility ; compactibility ; binary powder mixtures ; additivity rules ; strength of a compact ; sticking ; capping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Although tablet formulations are multicomponent systems, there have been only a few studies on the compression of binary or ternary powder mixtures. Physical interactions between the individual components may influence important biopharmaceutical properties of the compact, e.g., disintegration time and dissolution rate of the active ingredient. In the second part of this review paper the importance of these physical interactions is emphasized. The investigations are limited to the strength of the compact. An attempt is made to deduce additivity rules for the material-specific compressibility and compactibility parameters. Such additivity rules are of special importance, as they may allow the prediction of tablet properties at the formulation test. The final section is devoted to problems in compression, i.e., sticking and capping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Feuchtgranulierung ; Granulierprozeß-Überwachung ; Leistungsmessung ; Granulierendpunkt ; Schnellmischer ; Maschinenunterschiede ; Viskositätseinfluß ; Agglomerierkinetik ; Korngrößenwachstum ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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