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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (6)
  • Physics  (6)
  • Aggression  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentobarbital sodium and attack behavior in male siamese fighting fish (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentobarbital ; Aggression ; Fish behavior ; Sexual behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of pentobarbital sodium on intraspecific attack behavior in male Siamese fighting fish in an attempt to extend earlier findings with chlordiazepoxide and secobarbital sodium. Pairs of fish fought while immersed in 20 μg/ml or 40 μg/ml pentobarbital sodium or plain water. The 40 μg/ml group showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jaw locking) than either control or low dose groups without producing a change in general arousal. Quasisexual behavior, seen in an earlier chlordiazepoxide study, did not occur in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427651
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of agonistic behavior in male Siamese fighting fish (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 33 (1973), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Habituation ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of the threat display in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) was evaluated by exposing each subject to a male conspecific eliciting stimulus. In an independent groups design, the subjects were tested in either plain tap water, or a drug solution of 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml. Chlordiazepoxide attenuated threat behavior and facilitated habituation of the display without inducing noticeable sedation. The results were evaluated in term of a sdual-process theory of habituation involving independent hypothetical processes of sensitization and habituation which produce the net observed habituation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlordiazepoxide (librium)-induced changes in intraspecific attack and selected non-agonistic behaviors in male siamese fighting fish (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior ; Sexual Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of chlordiazepoxide on intraspecific attack behavior and selected non-aggressive behaviors in male Siamese fighting fish. In Exp. 1, pairs of fish fought while immersed in either 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml of chlordiazepoxide, or plain water. The drug groups showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jawlocking) than the control group, without noticeable behavioral toxicity. Also, in the drug groups alone, some variants of the copulatory clasp, seen in normal mating, occurred in many pairs. In Exp. 2, individual fish were isolated in one of the same doses or plain water for a period equivalent to that of Exp. 1. These doses produced no changes in measures of arousal, locomotion, and feeding behavior, as compared to the control condition. The drugrelated appearance of the intermale mating-like behavior is discussed in terms of a theoretical formulation postulating a mutually inhibitory relationship between sex and aggression in fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429544
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 4 (1990), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of reductive coulometric electrochemical detection for analysis of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their common metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid following separation by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography is described. The high sensitivity and screening capabilities of coulometric electrodes permits the accurate quantitation of as little as 3-5 pg of these compounds in tissue following a simple single step purification procedure. Moreover, comparison of peak height ratios obtained from analysis of authentic reference standards and tissue samples at selected multiple electrode potentials provides a straightforward means for qualitative evaluation of peak identification and purity during analysis of biological samples. The method is comparatively inexpensive and precise within and between day coefficients of variation for most compounds range from 2-5%. Thirty samples can be run in duplicate in a 24 h period.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130040509
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of λ repressor against thermal denaturation by site-directed Gly→Ala changes in α-helix 3 (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 1 (1986), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein stability ; helix-coil ; mutant ; calorimetry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace α-helical glycines in the N-terminal domain of λ repressor with alanines. Since alanine is a significantly better helix-forming residue than glycine, these changes were predicted to have a stabilizing effect. We show that the Gly46→Ala substitution, the Gly48→Ala substitution, and the double substitution increase the melting temperature of the N-terminal domain by 3-6°.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340010108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations related to carboxylic acid and proton concentrations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 843-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanism primarily implicated in the solventogenesis process in batch fermentations of Clostridium acetobutylicum is examined in considerable detail. A variety of fermentations with or without pH control in the pH range of 3.7-6 have been carried out in order to examine which of a host of suspect parameters correlate with the initiation of solventogenesis. The parameters that did not correlate are the external (pH0) and intracellular (pHi) pH, and ΔpH, and the external or intracellular butyrate and acetate concentrations. Undissociated butyric acid (UBA) correlated well with the initiation of solventogenesis. A linear relationship between UBA and butanol concentrations was found at the onset of solventogenesis in all fermentations examined. The intercept of this linear relationship was 6-13mM UBA for the pH0 range of 3.7-5 and approximately zero for pH0 at or above 6. The required minimal UBA was interpreted as a dependency of the solventogenesis process on both H+ and butyrate concentrations. Undissociated acetic acid was found not to correlate with the initiation of solventogenesis. Addition of acetoacetate (AA) and propionate enhanced the effect of UBA on the solventogenesis process. The action of a nonmetabolizable (FCCP) and a metabolizable (AA) uncoupler on the ΔpH, pH0, pHi, and solventogenesis were also studied in order to gain further understanding of the solventogenesis mechanism.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320702
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of morphological differences as a function of reaction temperature in model systems for polyurethane foams (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 3065-3077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyurethanes ; AFM ; atomic force microscopy ; phase separation ; crosslinking ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurea urethanes was isothermally synthesized from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), water, and trifunctional poly(propylene oxide) in the temperature range of 50-150°C. Morphologies of the samples vary significantly as a function of reaction temperature. In this system, phase separation competes with polymerization and crosslinking. Both transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have shown a network type of structure for the 50°C samples, while the 150°C samples appear to be homogeneous. Infrared analysis shows that samples prepared at 150°C possess a morphology that is less strongly hydrogen bonded and has a broader distribution of hydrogen-bonded states compared to those prepared at lower temperatures. From this combination of techniques, it can be inferred that phase separation occurs faster than crosslinking at low temperatures; consequently, a phase-separated morphology forms. In contrast, crosslinking occurs faster than phase separation at higher reaction temperatures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 3065-3077, 1998
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octafluorotoluene as a derivatizing agent for steroids in human plasma (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of octafluorotoluene (OFT) as a versatile gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric derivatizing agent for steroids containing alcoholic, phenolic or α,β-unsaturated keto functions, is described. Two distinct derivatizing schemes can be utilized, involving (method 1) a phase-transfer reaction, employing a two-phase system of CH2Cl2 and N NaOH with n-Bu4NHSO4 as catalyst (suitable for alcoholic and phenolic steroids) and (method 2) a reaction conducted in anhydrous dimethylformamide at 155°C with CsF as base (appropriate for α,β-unsaturated keto steroids). Perfluorotolyl (PFT) ethers and/or enol ethers have thus been generated. The electron impact spectra display abundant high-mass molecular ions where derivatization has occurred at a phenolic or enolic function. An extraction, derivatization and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric scheme has been devised involving method 2 for the analysis of steroids in human plasma. A preliminary quantitative investigation of the levels of testosterone in plasma has been carried out employing these methods. The anomalously high level found is explained in terms of the presence in plasma of lipid-soluble derivatives of testosterone (probably fatty acid esters) which generate the testosterone bis-OFT derivative under the reaction conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160138
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the antibody response to bee venom phospholipase A2 induced by natural exposure in humans or by immunization in mice (1997)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 10 (1997), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: monoclonal antibodies ; human ; antigen ; mouse ; allergen ; phospholipane ; epitope mapping ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two human and twelve murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the main bee venom allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA) were evaluated for their fine specificity of binding to antigen and their ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the antigen. Antibodies were induced by natural exposure of beekeepers to bee venom or immunization of mice via different methods. Both human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) were previously shown to recognize the native three-dimensional conformation of PLA and are directed against discontinuous epitopes which include lysine residue at position 25 as a contact residue. In contrast, six of the murine monoclonal antibodies (mmAbs) bind to the denatured structure of the protein as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The epitopes recognized are located near the C-terminal end (n=8), in the centre of the polypeptide (n=1), near the N-terminal end (n=1) or include the carbohydrate part (n=2) of the PLA molecule. The capacity of the antibodies to modify the enzymatic activity was also determined. The hmAbs significantly inhibit the enzyme (70-79%), whereas the mmAbs produced various degrees of inhibition (39-100%). Since the X-ray structure of PLA is known, the epitopes can be visualized in the context of the three-dimensional structure of the antigen. A qualitative correlation was found between the location of epitopes and the inhibition pattern. Strong inhibition was seen with those antibodies that recognize epitopes that lie on the surface of the enzyme that is thought to contact the phospholipid bilayer. The results show that even though both hmAbs and most mmAbs inhibit the enzymatic activity of PLA, the antigen-binding properties of antibodies from different species raised after different routes of immunization differ significantly. Thus, detailed epitope mapping studies using murine antibodies prepared by artificial immunization may have limited value in predicting epitope patterns relevant to an antibody response to allergens in humans naturally exposed to antigen/allergen. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of disaturated lecithins in human plasma by ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three physiologically important disaturated lecithins have been analyzed quantitatively as the acetate derivatives using a solids inlet probe and ammonia chemical ionization. Concentration independent response factors have been determined over a tenfold range that brackets human plasma levels. The results obtained serve as an independent corroboration of gas chromatographic analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200081008
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