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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Physics  (6)
  • Aggression  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentobarbital sodium and attack behavior in male siamese fighting fish (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentobarbital ; Aggression ; Fish behavior ; Sexual behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of pentobarbital sodium on intraspecific attack behavior in male Siamese fighting fish in an attempt to extend earlier findings with chlordiazepoxide and secobarbital sodium. Pairs of fish fought while immersed in 20 μg/ml or 40 μg/ml pentobarbital sodium or plain water. The 40 μg/ml group showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jaw locking) than either control or low dose groups without producing a change in general arousal. Quasisexual behavior, seen in an earlier chlordiazepoxide study, did not occur in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427651
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of agonistic behavior in male Siamese fighting fish (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 33 (1973), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Habituation ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of the threat display in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) was evaluated by exposing each subject to a male conspecific eliciting stimulus. In an independent groups design, the subjects were tested in either plain tap water, or a drug solution of 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml. Chlordiazepoxide attenuated threat behavior and facilitated habituation of the display without inducing noticeable sedation. The results were evaluated in term of a sdual-process theory of habituation involving independent hypothetical processes of sensitization and habituation which produce the net observed habituation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlordiazepoxide (librium)-induced changes in intraspecific attack and selected non-agonistic behaviors in male siamese fighting fish (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior ; Sexual Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of chlordiazepoxide on intraspecific attack behavior and selected non-aggressive behaviors in male Siamese fighting fish. In Exp. 1, pairs of fish fought while immersed in either 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml of chlordiazepoxide, or plain water. The drug groups showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jawlocking) than the control group, without noticeable behavioral toxicity. Also, in the drug groups alone, some variants of the copulatory clasp, seen in normal mating, occurred in many pairs. In Exp. 2, individual fish were isolated in one of the same doses or plain water for a period equivalent to that of Exp. 1. These doses produced no changes in measures of arousal, locomotion, and feeding behavior, as compared to the control condition. The drugrelated appearance of the intermale mating-like behavior is discussed in terms of a theoretical formulation postulating a mutually inhibitory relationship between sex and aggression in fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429544
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 4 (1990), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of reductive coulometric electrochemical detection for analysis of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their common metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid following separation by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography is described. The high sensitivity and screening capabilities of coulometric electrodes permits the accurate quantitation of as little as 3-5 pg of these compounds in tissue following a simple single step purification procedure. Moreover, comparison of peak height ratios obtained from analysis of authentic reference standards and tissue samples at selected multiple electrode potentials provides a straightforward means for qualitative evaluation of peak identification and purity during analysis of biological samples. The method is comparatively inexpensive and precise within and between day coefficients of variation for most compounds range from 2-5%. Thirty samples can be run in duplicate in a 24 h period.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130040509
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of morphological differences as a function of reaction temperature in model systems for polyurethane foams (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 3065-3077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyurethanes ; AFM ; atomic force microscopy ; phase separation ; crosslinking ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurea urethanes was isothermally synthesized from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), water, and trifunctional poly(propylene oxide) in the temperature range of 50-150°C. Morphologies of the samples vary significantly as a function of reaction temperature. In this system, phase separation competes with polymerization and crosslinking. Both transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have shown a network type of structure for the 50°C samples, while the 150°C samples appear to be homogeneous. Infrared analysis shows that samples prepared at 150°C possess a morphology that is less strongly hydrogen bonded and has a broader distribution of hydrogen-bonded states compared to those prepared at lower temperatures. From this combination of techniques, it can be inferred that phase separation occurs faster than crosslinking at low temperatures; consequently, a phase-separated morphology forms. In contrast, crosslinking occurs faster than phase separation at higher reaction temperatures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 3065-3077, 1998
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octafluorotoluene as a derivatizing agent for steroids in human plasma (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of octafluorotoluene (OFT) as a versatile gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric derivatizing agent for steroids containing alcoholic, phenolic or α,β-unsaturated keto functions, is described. Two distinct derivatizing schemes can be utilized, involving (method 1) a phase-transfer reaction, employing a two-phase system of CH2Cl2 and N NaOH with n-Bu4NHSO4 as catalyst (suitable for alcoholic and phenolic steroids) and (method 2) a reaction conducted in anhydrous dimethylformamide at 155°C with CsF as base (appropriate for α,β-unsaturated keto steroids). Perfluorotolyl (PFT) ethers and/or enol ethers have thus been generated. The electron impact spectra display abundant high-mass molecular ions where derivatization has occurred at a phenolic or enolic function. An extraction, derivatization and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric scheme has been devised involving method 2 for the analysis of steroids in human plasma. A preliminary quantitative investigation of the levels of testosterone in plasma has been carried out employing these methods. The anomalously high level found is explained in terms of the presence in plasma of lipid-soluble derivatives of testosterone (probably fatty acid esters) which generate the testosterone bis-OFT derivative under the reaction conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160138
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of disaturated lecithins in human plasma by ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three physiologically important disaturated lecithins have been analyzed quantitatively as the acetate derivatives using a solids inlet probe and ammonia chemical ionization. Concentration independent response factors have been determined over a tenfold range that brackets human plasma levels. The results obtained serve as an independent corroboration of gas chromatographic analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200081008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of mercapturic acid conjugates of xenobiotic compounds using negative ionization and tandem mass spectrometryPresented in part at the 36th Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Francisco, 1988. (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 68-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of mercapturic acid conjugates of two xenobiotic products of lipid peroxidation (trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) as well as conjugates of 1,3-dichloropropene, styrene oxide, 1,2-naphthalene oxide and α-chlorotoluene were obtained using fast atom bombardment or negative chemical ionization. Fragmentation pathways were investigated using linked scan and mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometric techniques. Characteristics of the spectra obtained using different ionization and sample introduction techniques are compared. Deprotonated molecular ions of mercapturic acids gave simple daughter ion spectra, with the dominant mode of decomposition involving cleavage of C—S bonds giving a characteristic neutral loss of 129 Da Screening for mercapturates in urine samples was performed using neutral loss scanning and yielded limits of detection in the low nanogram per milliliter range. Quantitative analysis of the S-benzyl mercapturic acid at 1 p.p.b. in urine has been demonstrated using combined gas chromatography/electron capture mass spectrometry with d3-S-benzyl mercapturic acid as internal standard.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200220109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confirmation of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in milk by particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometryThis work was presented in part at the 38th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Tucson, Arizona, June 1990. (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 20 (1991), S. 789-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method using particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed for the confirmation of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline residues in bovine milk. This method is one of the first to apply particle beam technology to the confirmation of animal drug residues in food products for regulatory purposes. The milk is centrifuged, using molecular weight cut-off filters to remove components of 25 000 daltons and above from the milk. The filtrate is passed through a C-18 sample preparation cartridge which retains the tetracyclines. After the columns are washed with water, the tetracyclines are eluted with 0.1 M oxalic acid in methanol and concentrated. The compounds are separated on a Novapak C-18 column with a methanol-oxalic acid-acetonitrile mobile phase. Negative chemical ionization with selective ion monitoring is used to identify the tetracyclines. The procedure was used to confirm the presence of each tetracycline at 100 ng ml-1 in fortified and incurred milk samples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200201208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of prior crystallinity on the flow-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1097-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: After flowing in a dilatometer bulb for a small fraction of the duration of the transformation, a relaxed melt of poly(ethylene oxide) (M̄n = (5.9 ± 0.1) × 103) showed marked increases in isothermal crystallization rate. The extent of increase was greater when flow was imposed at modestly later stages rather than at the earliest stage of a crystallization. Kinetic parameters for the flow-induced crystallizations were obtained via modification of the conventional mathematical treatment of the kinetics of phase change, thereby allowing the analytical resolution of the overall process into flowinduced and quiescent components. Determination of the flow-induced crystallization parameters required independent determination of the kinetic parameters for quiescent crystallizations at that temperature. The Avrami exponents nf which characterized the flow-induced portions of the crystallizations were larger for those instances in which flow was imposed at the more advanced stages of the crystallizations, thus indicating a transition in crystallization mechanism. It is suggested that prior crystallinity present at the time of flow contributed to the crystallization by serving as a source of nucleation sites. However, in light of the experimental procedure employed, values of nf approximating 4 that were obtained are not susceptible to mechanistic interpretations now extant.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.180130604
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