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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentobarbital ; Aggression ; Fish behavior ; Sexual behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of pentobarbital sodium on intraspecific attack behavior in male Siamese fighting fish in an attempt to extend earlier findings with chlordiazepoxide and secobarbital sodium. Pairs of fish fought while immersed in 20 μg/ml or 40 μg/ml pentobarbital sodium or plain water. The 40 μg/ml group showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jaw locking) than either control or low dose groups without producing a change in general arousal. Quasisexual behavior, seen in an earlier chlordiazepoxide study, did not occur in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Habituation ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of the threat display in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) was evaluated by exposing each subject to a male conspecific eliciting stimulus. In an independent groups design, the subjects were tested in either plain tap water, or a drug solution of 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml. Chlordiazepoxide attenuated threat behavior and facilitated habituation of the display without inducing noticeable sedation. The results were evaluated in term of a sdual-process theory of habituation involving independent hypothetical processes of sensitization and habituation which produce the net observed habituation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior ; Sexual Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of chlordiazepoxide on intraspecific attack behavior and selected non-aggressive behaviors in male Siamese fighting fish. In Exp. 1, pairs of fish fought while immersed in either 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml of chlordiazepoxide, or plain water. The drug groups showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jawlocking) than the control group, without noticeable behavioral toxicity. Also, in the drug groups alone, some variants of the copulatory clasp, seen in normal mating, occurred in many pairs. In Exp. 2, individual fish were isolated in one of the same doses or plain water for a period equivalent to that of Exp. 1. These doses produced no changes in measures of arousal, locomotion, and feeding behavior, as compared to the control condition. The drugrelated appearance of the intermale mating-like behavior is discussed in terms of a theoretical formulation postulating a mutually inhibitory relationship between sex and aggression in fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Zygosaccharomyces ; weak-acid resistance ; intracellular pH ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weak acids and hydrogen ions in different concentration combinations affect the intracellular pH value (pHi) of Zygosaccharomyces bailii. The lowest pHi value measured was not at the most extreme, but at intermediate conditions of inhibition. Proton and organic-acid ejection, on a cell volume basis, is greater in cells grown under inhibitory conditions and is stimulated by weak acids, whilst in cells not grown under inhibitory conditions acid efflux is lower and is depressed by weak acids; this may be important in the maintenance of tolerable pHi values in the presence of weak acids. The concentration of benzoic acid measured internally is identical to the value expected from its pK, external pH and pHi. Addition of fructose to starved cells causes both a decreased pHi and a concomitant efflux of previously loaded benzoic acid, quantitatively in accord with the shift in equilibrium of the freely permeable undissociated acid. There is no evidence that weak acids are actively extruded. Protoplast volume also varies with hydrogen-ion and weak-acid concentration and this too may play a role in intracellular pH maintenace.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 4 (1988), S. 199-208 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Flocculation ; yeast ; agitation ; equilibrium ; mannose ; pH value ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The steady state in yeast flocculation is a dynamic equilibrium between flocculated and dispersed yeast cells. The free cell concentraiton is directly proportional to the total cell concentration and may be expressed as an equilibrium constant. Increased agitation decreases floc size and equlibrium constant whilst increasing floc-surface area and free cell concentration. Values of equilibrium constant are influenced by agitation in a complex relationship probably involving the floc-surface area and floc momentum.Inhibition of flocculation by mannose and low pH is reversible and becomes greater with increased agitation. Both these inhibitions appear consistent with a weakening of flocculent bond strength by these inhibitors.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 653-662 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: aggregation-stimulating factor ; chemotaxis ; founder cell ; glorin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The A component of D factor (DfA) was overproduced during development of wild type Polyspondylium violaceum strain China after starvation in liquid medium. Crude DfA excreted by strain China was partially purified by ultrafiltration using Amicon YM10 and YM2 filters with DfA extracted from the filtrate by absorption onto a preparative grade C-18 resin. The concentrated material was further purified on a C-18 analytical column using both acetonitrile:water and methanol: water gradients. This highly purified fraction was a single component with a final specific activity of greater than 106 units per mg dry weight. Purified DfA is red having a broad visible absorbance at 500 nm and a ultraviolet (uv) absorbance at 290-300 nm. The red chromophore is sensitive to pH and to oxidation-reduction. 1H and 13C nmr studies with purified DfA indicate that it is a C11 compound with both polar and non-polar regions. The non-polar region has been identified as a hexanone and is the same as the side chain of DIF from Dictyostelium discoideum. Purified DfA has been used in studies with the D factor non-producing mutant, tsg-119 cyc-1 aggA586 (A586), to show that neither production of glorin nor chemotactic sensitivity to glorin are affected by D factor. However, founder cells develop in A586 mutant populations only after addition of D factor. These data suggest that DfA may be necessary for induction of aggregate formation by aggregation-competent amoebae.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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