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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surfactant system of the adult lung: physiology and clinical perspectives (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 637-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pulmonary surfactant ; Phospholipids ; Surfactant proteins ; Alveolar stability ; Air pollution ; Pulmonary defense ; Adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Surfactant therapy ; Bronchoalveolar lavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pulmonary surfactant is synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II cells and constitutes an important component of the alveolar lining fluid. It comprises a unique mixture of phospholipids and surfactant-specific proteins. More than 30 years after its first biochemical characterization, knowledge of the composition and functions of the surfactant complex has grown considerably. Its classically known role is to decrease surface tension in alveolar air spaces to a degree that facilitates adequate ventilation of the peripheral lung. More recently, other important surfactant functions have come into view. Probably most notable among these, surfactant has been demonstrated to enhance local pulmonary defense mechanisms and to modulate immune responses in the alveolar milieu. These findings have prompted interest in the role and the possible alterations of the surfactant system in a variety of lung diseases and in environmental impacts on the lung. However, only a limited number of studies investigating surfactant changes in human lung disease have hitherto been published. Preliminary results suggest that surfactant analyses, e.g., from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, may reveal quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of the surfactant system in human lung disorders. It is hypothesized that in the future, surfactant studies may become one of our clinical tools to evaluate the activity and severity of peripheral lung diseases. In certain disorders they may also gain diagnostic significance. Further clinical studies will be necessary to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of surfactant substitution and the usefulness of pharmacologic manipulation of the secretory activity of alveolar type II cells in pulmonary medicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180279
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parameter zur Diagnose und Verlaufsbeurteilung von Infektionen in der Intensivmedizin (1997)
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 34 (1997), S. 466-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Procalcitonin ; C-reactive protein ; sepsis ; acute phase response ; Schlüsselwörter Procalcitonin ; Akute-Phase-Reaktion ; CRP ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird eine kritische Bewertung der zur Verfügung stehenden infektiologischen Laborparameter vorgenommen. Dies geschieht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der intensivmedizinischen Situation. Die bisher etablierten infektiologischen Parameter (BSG, BB, CRP) werden dem neuen ,,Sepsis-Marker`` Procalcitonin (PCT) gegenüber gestellt. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt läßt sich die zukünftige Rolle des PCT noch nicht abschließend einschätzen. Möglicherweise bestehen jedoch wesentliche diagnostische Vorteile bei leberinsuffizienten, neutropenen und anderweitig immunkompromitierten (transplantierten) Patienten.
    Notes: Summary Diagnosis of bacterial infection and/or sepsis in critically ill patients is a common problem in intensive care medicine. White blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are often used in the differential diagnosis of infection versus SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) due to noninfectious causes. There is a number of non-infectious stimuli to cause leucocytosis and CRP elevation. In the last 3 years, Procalcitonin (PCT) was determined to be a marker of severe bacterial infection, especially sepsis. PCT appears to have several advantages; it is of non-hepatic (yet unknown) origin and useful in patients with hepatic insufficiency. There is no PCT-increase in acute graft-rejection, viral disease, and autoimmune disorders. Some studys showed a prognostic value of PCT in sepsis due to peritonitis and pancreatitis. PCT appears to be a new and helpful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. Further studies are needed to finally established PCT in the daily management of critically ill patients. At this time significantly higher costs are the major detraction to daily or frequent measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003900050074
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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