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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 39 (1977), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Trichloroethylene ; Vinyl chloride ; Rat liver microsomes ; Covalent protein binding of trichloroethylene ; Albumin ; Lecithin liposomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microsomal uptake irreversible protein binding of labelled trichloroethylene was measured following incubation with rat liver microsomes in an all-glass vacuum system. If the cofactor for oxidative metabolism, NADPH, is not added, the gaseous trichloroethylene rapidly equilibrates with the microsomal suspension. Addition of NADPH results in a further uptake of 14C-trichloroethylene from the gas phase, linearly with time, which is due to enzymic metabolism. This part of uptake is inhibited by some arylimidazoles and 1.2.3-benzothiadiazoles. The compounds of greatest inhibitory potency were 6-chloro-1.2.3-benzothiadiazole and 5,6-dimethyl-1.2.3-benzothiadiazole. Part of.the metabolites of 14C-trichloroethylene formed by rat liver microsomes were irreversibly bound to microsomal protein, amounting up to 1 nmol per mg microsomal protein per hour. Model experiments on uptake of 14C-trichloroethylene from the gas phase by albumin solutions and liposomal suspensions (from lecithin) showed a rapid equilibration of trichloroethylene also with these systems. Comparison with previous analogous data on vinyl chloride revealed an about 10 times higher affinity of trichloroethylene to albumin and lipid, consistent with the behaviour of both compounds in the rat liver microsomal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 153-162 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Vinylchloride ; 3-Bromophenyl-4(5)-imidazole ; 6-Nitro-1,2,3-benzothiadiazole ; Inhibition of vinyl chloride metabolism ; Induction of vinyl chloride metabolism ; Vinylchlorid ; 3-Bromphenyl-4(5)-imidazol ; 6-Nitro-1,2,3-benzothiadiazol ; Induktion des Vinylchlorid-Stoffwechsels ; Hemmung des Vinylchlorid-Stoffwechsels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem geschlossenen System wurden Ratten initialen Konzentrationen an [1,2-14C] Vinylchlorid von unter 100 ppm ausgesetzt. Bei einer Besetzung des Systems durch 3 Ratten wurde in der Atmosphäre eine Halbwertszeit des gasförmigen Vinylchlorid von 1,13 ± 0,12 Std gemessen. Bei einem Volumen des Systems von 10,3 l ergab die Berechnung der Vinylchlorid Clearance, daß nur ca. 40% des von den Ratten eingeatmeten Vinylchlorid resorbiert wurde. Aus diesem Grunde führten Änderungen der Atemtätigkeit nicht zu Änderungen der Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit von Vinylchlorid. Durch sehr wirksame Inhibitoren von Cytochrom-P-450-abhängigen mikrosomalen Oxidationen (3-Bromphenyl-4(5)-imidazol und 6-Nitro-1,2,3-benzothiadiazol) konnte die Aufnahme von Vinylchlorid vollständig verhindert werden. SKF 525 A und 5,6-Dimethyl-1,2,3-benzothiadiazol waren in dieser Hinsicht weit weniger wirksam. Durch Vorbehandlung der Ratten mit DDT und, zum geringeren Maße, mit Clotrimazol wurde die Aufnahme von Vinylchlorid gesteigert. Keine signifikante Steigerung trat auf nach Vorbehandlung mit Phenobarbital, 3-Methylcholanthren, Rifampicin und nach chronischer Alkoholgabe. Unmittelbar nach Beendigung der Exposition wurden die höchsten Radioaktivitätswerte in Leber und Niere festgestellt. Die Metabolite von 14C-Vinylchlorid wurden sehr schnell ausgeschieden. Bereits nach 24 Std wurden im Urin 69,4±2,6% der inkorporierten Radioaktivität gemessen.
    Notes: Abstract Rats were exposed to [1,2-14C] vinyl chloride in a closed system at initial concentrations below 100 ppm. When the system was occupied by 3 rats, a half-life of vinyl chloride in the system's atmosphere of 1.13 ± 0.12 h was observed. The volume of the system was 10.3 l. Calculation of the clearance of vinyl chloride from the system revealed that about 40% of inspired vinyl chloride is absorbed by lung. Therefore, changes in respiration did not influence uptake of vinyl chloride. Uptake of vinyl chloride by the rats was completely blocked by acute pretreatment with potent inhibitors of cytochrome-P-450-dependent microsomal drug metabolism (i.e., by 35 mg/kg 3-bromophenyl-4(5)-imidazole or 50 mg/kg 6-nitro-1,2,3-benzothiadiazole in 0.6 ml/kg DMSO). A weaker inhibition was observed after dosing SKF 525 A or 5,6-dimethyl-1,2,3-benzothiadiazole (50 mg/kg in 0.6 ml/kg DMSO). Metyrapone did not cause inhibition. Uptake of vinyl chloride was increased by pretreatment with DDT and, to a lesser extent, with clotrimazol. No significant stimulation of uptake was observed after pretreatment with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, rifampicin, or chronic ethanol treatment. Immediately after exposure, highest radioactivity levels were observed in liver and kidney. The radioactive metabolites of 14C-vinyl chloride were rapidly excreted, largely by the kidneys. Excretion of radioactivity in the urine was 69.4 ± 2.6% within 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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