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  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tephritidae ; Anastrepha suspensa ; Fruit Flies ; Citrus ; Senescence ; Host Plant Resistance ; Allelochemics ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons trouvé que la résistance des fruits de Citrus aux attaques d'Anastrepha suspensa Loew est due aux huiles essentielles allélopathiques de la zone flavedo du zeste. Le taux d'éclosion des œufs pondus entre les glandes essentielles du zeste était significativement plus élevé que celui des œufs pondus dans les zones glandulaires. La mortalité se produisait essentiellement au premier stade larvaire, et beaucoup de larves mouraient avant d'atteindre l'albédo (la zone sans huile essentielle du zeste). Les pamplemousses sont plus sensibles au développement larvaire que les oranges, et les citrons ne portent virtuellement pas d'attaques réussies de cette mouche. Les fruits qui étaient laissés sur l'arbre après la maturation étaient un peu plus sensibles que les fruits de début de saison. La résistance du fruit était liée à 1) l'épaisseur dur flavedo 2) une forte concentration de linalool en relation avec le limonène dans les essences du zeste et 3) la valeur absolue d'essences par unité de surface de zeste. Les composés volatiles de l'essence de zeste plutôt que les fractions à point d'ébullition élevé paraissent être responsables de la toxicité des essences. Les citrons, qui sont indemnes d'attaques de cette espèce et d'autres de Tephritidae, avaient un flavedo sifnificativement plus épais et avait deux foi plus d'essences par unité de surface de zeste que les oranges et les pamplemousses; l'essence de citron est connue aussi pour être riche en terpénoïdes oxygénés, comme le linalool. La discussion porte sur les applications possibles de ces phénomènes dans l'amélioration de la résistance des agrumes aux Téphritidae.
    Notes: Summary Resistance of citrus fruit to attack by the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), was attributed to allelopathic essential oils in the flavedo region of the peel. Hatchability of eggs laid between peel oil glands was significantly greater than that of eggs laid into glands. Mortality occurred principally in the 1st larval instar, and most larvae died before reaching the albedo (the non-oily region of the peel). Grapefruit were more susceptible to larval development than oranges, and lemons were virtually immune to successful attack by this fly. Fruit that were allowed to remain on the tree until overripe were somewhat more susceptible than early-season fruit. Fruit resistance was correlated with (1) flavedo thickness, (2) a high concentration of linalool in relation to limonene in the peel oil, and (3) the absolute amount of oil per unit area of peel. Volatile components of the peel oil rather than high boiling fractions appear to account for oil toxicity. Possible applications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. S289 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Breast neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium/diagnostic use ; Contrast media ; Organometallic compounds/diagnostic use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast brings the advantages of high resolution cross-sectional imaging to breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and research: improved cancer detection, staging, selection of therapy, evaluation of therapeutic response in vivo, detection of recurrence, and even the development of new therapies. Until now breast cancer treatment and research has been impeded by the limited means of evaluating the breast cancer in vivo: primarily clinical palpation and mammography of the breast tumor. A review of the initial studies shows that with the use of paramagnetic contrast agents, MRI has a sensitivity of 96 % for detecting breast cancers. MRI detects multicentric disease with a sensitivity of 98 %, superior to any other modality. The ability of MRI to detect recurrent local breast cancer in the conservatively treated breast is nearly 100 %. MRI is capable of monitoring tumor response to chemotherapy and actually guiding therapeutic interventions such as interstitial laser photocoagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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