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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology, ecology, and management of the bulb mites of the genus Rhizoglyphus (Acari: Acaridae) (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 24 (2000), S. 85-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Rhizoglyphus ; Acaridae ; bulb mite ; soil pests ; management ; Allium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bulb mites of the genus Rhizoglyphus (Claparède) (Acari: Acaridae) have been identified as pests of many crops and ornamentals in storage, in the greenhouse, and in the field. The most importanthosts are species in the family Liliaceae (e.g. Allium spp.), but bulb mites will often attack otherimportant crops such as potatoes (Solanum sp.) and carrots (Daucus carota). Despite their economicimportance and broad distribution, the systematics of the genus remains in a state of confusion and is inneed of a comprehensive revision. In addition, the field biology and ecology of these mites is not wellunderstood, and methods for sampling, monitoring, and loss assessment are limited. Management of bulbmites is complicated by their short generation time, high reproductive potential, broad food niche,interactions with other pests and pathogens, and unique adaptations for dispersal. Historically, control ofthese acarine pests has relied on the use of synthetic miticides and insecticides, but this option is nowlimited due to documented resistance and withdrawal of registration of some products. Alternativecontrol strategies, including cultural and biological control, have shown limited success, but need to befurther developed and implemented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006304300657
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of calciseptine on unitary barium channel currents in guinea-pig portal vein (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 432 (1996), S. 462-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Venom ; Ca2+ channel ; Dihydropyridine ; Ca antagonist ; Vascular cell ; Blood vessel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Effects of synthesized calciseptine (CaS), found naturally in the venom of the black mamba, on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig portal vein were investigated. In the whole-cell voltage-clamp configuration, extracellular application of CaS (≥ 10 nM) inhibited the inward current in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner at a holding potential of –90 mV. The Ca2+ current recorded at a high holding potential (–50 mV) was approximately 8 times more sensitive to CaS than that at a more negative holding potential (–90 mV). CaS (50 nM) shifted to the left the steady-state inactivation curve obtained by using single 8-s conditioning pulses of various amplitudes. When CaS (≥ 200 nM) was present in the pipette, the Ca2+ current remained for the duration of the experiments (more than 60 min) in the whole-cell configuration. Two different Ca2+ channel conductances are present in this tissue (25-pS and 12-pS channels). Both channels are blocked by dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives, but have different sensitivities. In the cell-attached condition, CaS hardly changed the activity of either unitary Ca2+ channel current. To prevent the ”run down” of the Ca2+ channels in cell-free conditions, we added cardiac cytosol, a supernatant from homogenized cardiac cells and an endogenous Ca2+ channel activating factor, in the pipette. The unitary Ca2+ channel currents were then recorded using the outside-out membrane patch configuration. Application of CaS (1 μM) in the bath completely blocked the open events of the 25-pS Ca2+ channel. CaS (10 nM) in the bath reduced the mean open time and channel availability, resulting in a decrease in the open probability of the 25-pS channel currents without affecting the amplitude of the single-channel conductance. CaS also reduced the open probability (though less potently) and channel availability of the 12-pS Ca2+ channel without a change in its amplitude. From these results, we conclude that CaS has inhibitory effects on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current that are similar to those of DHP derivatives and that it acts from the outside of the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050158
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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