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  • Alzheimer's disease  (2)
  • Prolactin  (2)
  • Cholinergic system  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Scopolamine ; Cholinergic system ; Cholinergic sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A challenge paradigm was designed to test the functional sensitivity to anticholinergic agents in Alzheimer's disease. Ten patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type were serially administered three different intravenous doses of the centrally active anticholinergic drug scopolamine and placebo. Testing was carried out in a placebo-controlled, double-blind fashion to measure cognitive, physiologic and behavioral changes. Alzheimer patients showed a marked, dose-related behavioral and cognitive sensitivity to temporary cholinergic blockade. Scopolamine testing may serve as an index of the status of central cholinergic functional integrity, and ultimately may prove useful as a diagnostic or staging test in the evaluation of the cholinergic system in dementia. Research is currently under way with elderly age-matched controls and populations with other neuropsychiatric disorders to explore this hypothesis further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Serotonin ; m-Chlorophenylpiperazine ; Metergoline ; Prolactin ; ACTH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To further evaluate the effects and mechanism of action of the putative serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) in humans, changes in plasma prolactin, cortisol, growth hormone, ACTH and body temperature were studied in a group of 10 healthy volunteers following oral administration of m-CPP (0.75 mg/kg), before and after pretreatment with the serotonin receptor antagonist metergoline (MTG). M-CPP produced transient significant increases in plasma prolactin, cortisol, ACTH and in body temperature, but did not significantly alter plasma growth hormone concentration. Moreover, pretreatment with the 5HT antagonist metergoline blocked the m-CPP-induced hormonal and temperature changes. These findings provide strong support for m-CPP's effects in humans being mediated through an interaction with 5HT receptors, and thus support the usefulness of m-CPP as a pharmacologic tool for studying disease and drug-induced alterations in serotonin function in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Cognitive tests ; Benzodiazepine ; Memory impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with Alzheimer's disease and ten age-matched normal controls were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled acute trial of 1 mg PO lorazepam to test the effects of low-dose benzodiazepine on memory and behavior in a mostly older population. Cognitive effects differed somewhat between Alzheimer patients and normal controls, with Alzheimer patients revealing predominantly “attentional” impairments and age-matched controls showing possible “disinhibition.” Specifically, Alzheimer patients made more omission errors on a continuous performance task, whereas controls made more commission and intrusion errors with lorazepam versus placebo. This low dose of lorazepam (1 mg), which was associated with mild but statistically significant sedation in both groups, also produced no significant decrease in recent memory or in access to semantic memory. These cognitive findings contrast markedly to the reported effects of scopolamine on recent memory; therefore, supporting the idea that cholinergic interruption has a more specific effect on human memory and on learning than that of low-dose benzodiazepines. Further studies with a wider dose range of benzodiazepines are necessary to evaluate the possibility of differential sensitivity between Alzheimer patients and normal elderly controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Serotonin ; Cortisol ; Prolactin ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) had greater anxiogenic and other mood and cognitive effects when administered intravenously (0.1 mg/kg) rather than orally (0.5 mg/kg) to healthy subjects. Nonetheless, similar elevations in peak plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations were obtained with the two dosage regimens, and temperature elevations were greater after oral m-CPP. Plateau phase plasma concentrations of m-CPP at the times of the maximum neuroendocrine responses to intravenous and oral m-CPP were similar. Since all rodent and nonhuman primate studies have used parenterally administered m-CPP, and previous clinical investigations using intravenous rather than oral m-CPP have yielded somewhat discrepant results, our normative data should be useful for comparing results, our normative data should be useful for comparing results across different human studies and across species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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