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  • Amidopyrine  (1)
  • Darmdurchblutung  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 55-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Blood Mow ; Intestinal Absorption ; Drugs ; Jejunum ; Rat ; Darmdurchblutung ; Resorption ; Pharmaka ; Jejunum ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Urethan-narkotisierten Ratten wurde eine Jejunumschlinge mit14C-markierten Arzneimitteln in gepufferter isotonischer Kochsalzlösung mit einem pH von 6–8 (Amidopyrin, Anilin, Antipyrin, Benzoesäure, Salicylsäure) und einem pH von 2,2–3,0 (Amidopyrin, Benzoesäure) perfundiert. 2. Wurde die Durchblutung von etwa 1,5 auf 0,2 ml/min · g Feuchtgewicht gesenkt, dann nahm die Resorptionsrate aller Arzneimittel ab. Wurde umgekehrt die Durchblutung von anfänglich niedrigen Werten auf hohe Werte gesteigert, dann stieg die Resorption der nichtionisierten Arzneimittel in entsprechender Weise an, während die Resorption der ionisierten Arzneimittel nicht beeinflußt wurde. Bei gleichbleibender mittlerer Durchblutung (0,6–0,7 ml/min · g) blieb die Resorptionsrate der nichtionisierten Arzneimittel (mit Ausnahme von Amidopyrin) konstant, während sie bei den ionisierten über einen Zeitraum von 60 min um 15–22% abnahm. 3. Das abweichende Verhalten der ionisierten Arzneimittel gegenüber Durchblutungsänderungen wird auf folgenden Mechanismus zurückgeführt: maßgebend für ihre Resorption ist der leicht saure und von der Perfusionslösung weitgehend unabhängige pH-Wert (virtual pH) in einem Bereich unmittelbar an der Mucosaoberfläche (microclimate). Eine verminderte Mucosadurchblutung führt nicht nur zu einer Verringerung der Dränagewirkung (die alle Pharmaka betrifft), sondern auch zu einer hypoxischen Schädigung des Zottenepithels und einer Anderung des virtuellen pH, die nur die Resorption der ionisierten Arzneimittel beeinträchtigt.
    Notes: Summary 1. Jejunal loops were prepared in anaesthetized rats and perfused with14C-labelled drugs in buffered isotonic saline solutions at pH 6–8 (amidopyrine, aniline, antipyrine, benzoic acid, salicylic acid) and at pH 2.2–3.0 (amidopyrine, benzoic acid). The blood flow in the loops and the absorption rate of the drugs were determined simultaneously. 2. A decrease of the blood flow from about 1.5 to O.2 ml/min X g wet tissue diminished the absorption rate of all drugs, whereas an increase of the blood flow from low to high values caused only an increased absorption rate of the unionized but not of the ionized drugs. When the blood flow was held constant (0.6–0.7 ml/ min X g wet tissue), the absorption rate of the unionized drugs (with the exception of amidopyrine) remained constant, whereas the absorption rate of the ionized drugs decreased by 15–22% within 60 min. 3. The different reaction of the ionized drugs to blood flow alterations is assumed to be due to the following mechanism: the absorption of the ionized drugs is substantially favoured by a “virtual pH” near the mucosal border which is slightly acidic and largely independent of the pH within the gut lumen. A period with insufficient mucosal blood flow results not only in a diminished drainage of the mucosa-which affects the absorption rate of all drugs-, but also in a hypoxic impairment of the epithelium and its capability to maintain the “virtual pH”. This failure affects only the absorption rate of the ionized drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 281 (1974), S. 175-196 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Intestinal Absorption ; Basic Drugs ; Amidopyrine ; Antipyrine ; Solvent Drag ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Jejunal loops of anaesthetized rats were perfused with hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic buffered solutions containing 14C-labelled amidopyrine and antipyrine at neutral and at acidic pH. The blood flow of the loop was maintained at an intermediate rate (0.7–1.0 ml min−1g−1). The water net flux was determined by means of polyethylene glycol as non-absorbable marker and amounted up to ±30 μl min−1g−1. 2. A positive water net flux (directed towards the blood) increased the appearance rate of amidopyrine and antipyrine by maximally 43.8 and 49.2%, a negative water net flux (directed towards the gut lumen) diminished it by 38.8 and 35.0%. 3. The experimental data were analysed by means of a kinetic model with the water net flux as independent variable and the epithelial permeability kF D , the serosal permeability k S F S and the sieving coefficient Φ=1−σ as absorption parameters. For antipyrine independent of the pH-value of the perfusion solution kF D was 0.123, and, for amidopyrine at pH 7 and pH 3 kF D was 0.231 and 0.091, respectively. k S F S was zero indicating that in this experimental arrangement the transfer of drug molecules to the serosal side was negligible. The sieving coefficient Φ amounted to 2.30 for amidopyrine and 2.15 for antipyrine at neutral pH. At acidic pH it amounted to 0.50 for amidopyrine and 1.44 for antipyrine. The hydraulic permeability of water was identical at neutral and acidic pH. 4. The high sieving coefficient for the two drugs at neutral pH is interpreted as indicating that water and lipophilic drug molecules interact within the lipid part of the cell membrane. At acidic pH the ionized drug molecules appear to permeate the cell membrane preferentially across other (presumably more hydrophilic) areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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