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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinearity of amoxicillin absorption kinetics in human (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amoxicillin ; bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, intestinal absorption ; intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specialised gastrointestinal absorption of amoxicillin has been suggested in man and has been demonstrated in animals. In order to study the rate and extent of amoxicillin absorption, six healthy subjects were given 500 mg IV and two oral doses (500 mg and 3 g as a suspension). Absorption kinetics was analysed by compartmental modelling, noncompartmental methods and by calculation of absorption rates using deconvolution. Dose-dependency of the extent of amoxicillin absorption was observed, with a lower than expected mean maximum plasma concentration (49%), and fraction of the dose absorbed (39%) after the 3 g dose calculated from the 500 mg dose, assuming kinetic linearity. Zero-order kinetics of absorption was apparent in some subjects after the 500 mg dose, both from model fitting and absorption rate profile. However, no pattern consistent with pure first-order or zero-order absorption was observed after both oral doses in any individual. The dose-dependency of amoxicillin absorption was confirmed by a trend to an increased time of absorption for the high dose. The results show the variable nature and nonlinearity of the gastrointestinal absorption of amoxicillin and indicate the involvement of a number of factors, in addition to simple diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333024
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of the systemic effects of single and repeated doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate and inhaled budesonide in healthy volunteers (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Corticosteroids; systemic effects ; plasma cortisol suppression ; white blood cell count ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The systemic effects of single and multiple doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide were examined in 24 healthy male volunteers (age range 18–29 years). The study was of an open, placebo-controlled, randomized, three-way crossover design. On each study day, multiple blood samples were taken over a 20 h period after drug administration (after a single dose and after the last of seven doses) and area under the curve (AUC0–20) for plasma cortisol and white blood cell (WBC) counts was calculated. Results: The present study shows that multiple dosing with FP 1.0 mg b.i.d. for 3.5 days (seven doses) resulted in a marked cortisol suppression from placebo which, at 55%, was more than double that seen with a single dose (25% suppression). Multiple dosing with budesonide 0.8 mg b.i.d. resulted in a 34% suppression in plasma cortisol compared with a suppression of 26% with a single dose. The increase in systemic activity of FP after multiple dosing is confirmed by both the number of subjects with 0800 hours plasma cortisol values below normal limits and by the changes in WBC and differential counts. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm previous findings with regard to the more marked systemic effect of FP following multiple dosing as compared with a single dose. This increase in systemic effect from single dosing to multiple dosing is significantly greater for FP than for budesonide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050050
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of the systemic effects of single and repeated doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate and inhaled budesonide in healthy volunteers (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Corticosteroids ; systemic effects ; plasma cortisol suppression ; white blood cell count ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The systemic effects of single and multiple doses of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide were examined in 24 healthy male volunteers (age range 18–29 years). The study was of an open, placebo-controlled, randomized, three-way crossover design. On each study day, multiple blood samples were taken over a 20 h period after drug administration (after a single dose and after the last of seven doses) and area under the curve (AUC0–20) for plasma cortisol and white blood cell (WBC) counts was calculated. Results: The present study shows that multiple dosing with FP 1.0 mg b.i.d. for 3.5 days (seven doses) resulted in a marked cortisol suppression from placebo which, at 55%, was more than double that seen with a single dose (25% suppression). Multiple dosing with budesonide 0.8 mg b.i.d. resulted in a 34% suppression in plasma cortisol compared with a suppression of 26% with a single dose. The increase in systemic activity of FP after multiple dosing is confirmed by both the number of subjects with 0800 hours plasma cortisol values below normal limits and by the changes in WBC and differential counts. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm previous findings with regard to the more marked systemic effect of FP following multiple dosing as compared with a single dose. This increase in systemic effect from single dosing to multiple dosing is significantly greater for FP than for budesonide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195931
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intraarticular indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Indomethacin ; Osteoarthritis ; pharmakokinetics ; intraarticular administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of intraarticular indomethacin was evaluated in 10 patients with osteoarthritis in an open labelled, randomized, cross-over study. Each patient received a single dose of 10 mg indomethacin by the intraarticular and the intravenous routes with a seven-day interval between the injections. Blood was repeatedly collected and urine was collected for 24 h after dosing. Indomethacin was rapidly absorbed from the joint, giving a maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 0.60 μg · ml−1 approximately 1 h after dosing. The systemic bioavailability (f) was 80% and the mean absorption time (MAT) was about 2 h. The apparent terminal half-life and mean residence time (MRT) were 2.8 h and 4 h, respectively. The urinary recovery of total indomethacin (unchanged + glucuronides) was 24% of the dose and renal clearance (CLR) was estimated to be about 21 ml · min−1. The disposition of indomethacin after intravenous and intraarticular administration appeared to be similar. The results suggest that the intraarticular administration of indomethacin would not exclude the risk of developing untoward, systemic, concentration-dependent effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266352
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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