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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of dopamine receptor antagonists on hyperlocomotion induced by cocaine, amphetamine, MK-801 and the dopamine D1 agonist C-APB in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 145 (1999), S. 237-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words MK-801 ; Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; SCH23390 ; Raclopride ; Antipsychotic ; Locomotion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Direct or indirect stimulation of dopamine receptors increases locomotor activity in mice. Determining the role played by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the mediation of this activity can be difficult due to the wide variety of experimental paradigms used to investigate these phenomena. Objectives: This study set out to compare the role of selective antagonism of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors on the hyperactivity induced by a range of stimulants. Methods: Mice were habituated to perspex locomotor activity boxes (30×30× 30 cm) and activity was measured via photobeam interrupts. Results: Haloperidol and clozapine both reduced the hyperactivity induced by MK-801. Haloperidol did so only at a dose that also decreased spontaneous activity (0.1 mg/kg), whereas clozapine reduced MK-801-induced hyperactivity at a dose that had no effect on spontaneous activity (1.25 mg/kg). The D1 antagonist SCH23390 (0.01 mg/kg) reduced hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg), cocaine (10 mg/kg) and C-APB (1.0 mg/kg) at doses that did not consistently alter spontaneous activity, whereas the selective D2 antagonist raclopride only attenuated the hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine, cocaine and C-APB at doses in excess of the minimum dose required to attenuate spontaneous locomotor activity significantly. The latency to peak levels of hyperlocomotion induced by MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) was delayed by SCH23390 (0.1 mg/kg) but peak levels of activity were not reduced. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that selective blockade of D1 receptors suppresses amphetamine and cocaine-induced hyperactivity in mice but not MK-801-induced locomotor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051055
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Availability and use of dry season feed resources on smallholder dairy farms in central Kenya (2000)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 50 (2000), S. 315-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Calliandra calothyrsus ; forage ; leguminous fodder ; manure ; Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A cross-sectional survey on 41 farms followed by six weeks monitoring of dairy cattle feeding on ten smallholder dairy farms in central Kenya was conducted to investigate the use, availability and quality of dry season feed resources. Fodder production was largely from Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) grown on small plots and contour strips where it acts both as a fodder source as well as a biological barrier to soil erosion. There is a need to broaden the choice of fodder crops on such farms to provide a wide range of harvesting management options and to avoid total loss in case of pest or disease outbreaks. Intercropping of Napier grass with leguminous fodder trees could boost the quantity and quality of herbage production especially during the dry season. Roughage from a variety of sources was utilised during the dry season in addition to Napier grass. Among the herbages, leguminous feeds had the lowest potential dry matter degradability while weeds harvested from cropland and roadsides had the highest. Energy and protein intake from the roughage fed to grade dairy cattle during the dry season may be insufficient to meet the requirements of these animals due to the high levels of fibre concentration (acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre (ADF and NDF)) in them. It is recommended that the scope for alternative sources of improved roughage such as Napier/calliandra mixtures, to boost the energy, protein and overall dry matter provision on the farms should be investigated further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006447915074
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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