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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioned temperature effects using amphetamine as the unconditioned stimulus (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 96-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Conditioning ; Amphetamine ; Body temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three groups of male Wistar rats received daily IP injections of either 1, 2 or 5 mg/kg amphetamine at 11∶5h; a fourth group received saline injections throughout. Rectal temperature was measured in the home cage, in a preinjection environment in which animals were placed for a period of time before the daily injection, and in an injection environment in which animals remained following the injection. Conditioned hyperthermia, a response that mimicked the unconditioned effect of amphetamine, was elicited by cues of the injection environment both during conditioning and after the drug-free period. During conditioning, hypothermia occurred at 10∶30 h regardless of where the animals were, but could not be elicited at other times of day. The results with amphetamine parallel those found previously with morphine (Eikelboom and Stewart 1979, 1981).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinstatement of cocaine-reinforced responding in the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 134-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine self-administration ; Reinstatement ; Priming ; Conditioned drug effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Non-contingent “priming” drug injections and conditioned stimuli associated with drug injections led to reinstatement of responding after a period of extinction. Rats implanted with intravenous catheters were trained to self-administer cocaine (1 mg/kg/injection), and then given daily test sessions consisting of a period of self-administration followed by extinction conditions. Test drug injections or conditioned stimuli were presented during extinction and the latency to the first response and the total number of responses following the treatment were measured. Cocaine injections of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg restored responding during extinction, regardless of the duration of the extinction period (between 10 min and 180 min) since drug self-administration. Amphetamine, apomorphine, and morphine but not ethanol, heroin, or methohexital reinstated previously cocaine-reinforced responding. Amphetamine, cocaine, and morphine did not increase responding in animals trained to bar press only for food reinforcement, suggesting that the reinstatement effect is specific to drug-reinforced responses. The final experiment showed that a tone that had been paired with drug infusions acquired a statistically significant tendency to facilitate responding when tested during extinction but this effect disappeared after the first test presentation of the tone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432175
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of both conditioning and sensitization of the behavioral activating effects of amphetamine is blocked by the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sensitization ; Conditioning ; Stimulants ; MK-801 ; Locomotor activity ; NMDA receptor antagonist ; Amphetamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801, has been shown to block the development of sensitization of the behavioral activating effects of amphetamine. Three experiments were designed to determine in rats whether MK-801 had its effects through interference with long-term changes underlying sensitization, per se, or through interference with the development of conditioning of the drug effect to the environment where the drug was given. In experiment 1, conditioning was promoted by explicitly pairing amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, IP) with the testing environment. In experiment 2, a random-pairing procedure was used to eliminate the possibility of association between the drug and a specific context. Experiment 3 was carried out to assess the duration of the blockade of sensitization by MK-801. The effect of MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg, IP) during amphetamine pre-exposure was studied in tests for conditioning (following saline injections, experiment 1) and in tests for sensitization (following 0.75 mg/kg amphetamine, experiments 1, 2 and 3). It was found in experiment 1 that MK-801 given with amphetamine during the amphetamine pre-exposure phase blocked the development of both conditioning activity and environment-specific sensitization to amphetamine. The results of experiment 2, showing that sensitization to amphetamine was blocked by MK-801 even when conditioning was prevented, suggest that the two effects of MK-801 are independent, and may implicate different sites of action. Experiment 3 showed that the blockade of sensitization by MK-801 was evident in tests made 10 days after pre-exposure to amphetamine, supporting the view that MK-801 interferes with long-term changes underlying sensitization to amphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246961
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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