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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of amylobarbitone on operant depression and elation effects in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 32 (1973), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amylobarbitone ; Depression Effect ; Elation Effect ; Reward Magnitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a daily session reward was delivered for barpressing on a variable-interval schedule; on odd days it consisted of 1 pellet and on even days of 4 pellets. The low and high reward schedules were each associated with discriminative stimuli (SD). During each session, the schedule and associated SD changed for two brief “intrusion” periods to the ones opposite to that day's baseline conditions. Response rates were significantly lower during the low-reward intrusion periods then when low reward was the baseline, and significantly higher during the highreward intrusion periods than when high reward was the baseline. These responserate differences appear to constitute within-subject operant analogues of the Crespi depression and elation effects, respectively, observed in runways. The operant depression effect was significantly reduced by 15 mg/kg amylobarbitone sodium, but the elation effect was unaffected, supporting the view that amylobarbitone impairs behavioural responses to departures from expected magnitude of reward only when the departure is in an unfavourable direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422148
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joint effects of medial septal lesions and amylobarbitone injections on resistance to extinction in the rat (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 22 (1971), S. 8-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amylobarbitone ; Resistance to Extinction ; Medial Septal Lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 32 male rats, of which half had sustained small electrolytic lesions in the medial septal area and half had received sham operations, were trained on continuous reinforcement to run an alley for water reward and then given four days of extinction testing. Half of both the lesioned and sham-operated groups were given sodium amylobarbitone on Days 1 and 2 of extinction and the other half on Days 3 and 4, saline being administered on non-drug days. The drug, unusually, decreased resistance to extinction. This effect was probably due to the subjects having taken part in a previous experiment in which they had received, without drugs, training and extinction under the same conditions as in this experiment. In the goal section of the alley, the drug effect was greater in lesioned than shamoperated rats. The lesions retarded extinction, and this effect was reduced by the drug. A model for the neural loci at which amylobarbitone acts to affect resistance to extinction, based on these and other results, is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401462
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opposing acute and chronic behavioural effects of a beta-blocker, propranolol, in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 480-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Propranolol ; Beta-adrenergic blocker ; Differential reinforcement of low rates of response (DRL) ; Anxiety ; Antianxiety drugs ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained over 40 days to lever-press for food reward under a schedule of differential reinforcement of low rates of response with a 20-s criterion (DRL 20), following seven sessions of continuous reinforcement. The effect of injecting a beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol (5 mg/kg IP), before and at two different delays after each daily session of DRL were investigated. In Experiment I, rats drugged 5–8 min before every session earned fewer reinforcements compared to controls, and showed impaired temporal discrimination. In Experiment II, this result was not replicated, but similar effects were clear in animals drugged pre-session from the 15th day of acquisition. By contrast, an improved temporal discrimination, and increased number of reinforcements were seen in rats drugged 5–8 min after every session. In Experiment III, the postsession effects were replicated and found also in rats drugged 4–5.5 h after each session. These results suggest that propranolol has an acute effect on DRL responding which resembles that of anxiolytics, and a chronic effect which opposes the acute one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427913
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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