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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (8)
  • Engineering  (7)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
  • Glucose  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; B cell ; albino mouse ; membrane potential ; spike frequency ; insulin release ; islet perifusion ; islet of Langerhans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of insulin release and electrical activity in single micro-dissected mouse islets of Langerhans. The effects of D-glucose have been studied in individual islets. Each islet was exposed to 0, 5.6, 11.1, 16.7, 22.2, 27.8 and 33.3 mmol/l glucose in a stepwise fashion. The minimum glucose concentration required to elicit spike activity is lower than that required to stimulate insulin release above basal levels and the maximum spike frequency occurs at a lower glucose concentration than does maximum insulin release. Following a reduction in glucose from 27.8 (or 33.3) to 5.6 mmol/l, membrane potentials returned to resting values within 2 min whereas insulin returned to basal values after 20 min. Increasing glucose from 5.6 to 27.8 mmol/l induced spike activity within 10 s; the insulin response was detected within 40 s. Thus, it is possible to use the single mouse islet for simultaneous measurements of insulin release and electrical activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 725-741 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A monomial treatment for solving mixed equality/inequality constrained generalized geometric programs is presented. The method is shown to be equivalent to a Newton-Raphson procedure carried out in log space on the equality constraints at the same time that a cutting plane procedure is performed on a convex region constrained within the feasible region of the inequality constraints. Known limitations of this monomial treatment are outlined and a technique for improving the efficiency of the GGP method is suggested. A discussion of how other methods of solving mixed equality/inequality constrained GGP problems compare to the monomial treatment is presented and two example problems are solved.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 16 (1993), S. 408-422 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: heme ; flavin ; electron transfer proteins ; crystal packing ; molecular modeling ; energy minimization ; electrostatic interactions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Flavocytochrome b2 and cytochrome c are physiological electron transfer partners in yeast mitochondria. The formation of a stable complex between them has been demonstrated both in solution and in the crystalline state. On the basis of the three-dimensional structures, using molecular modeling and energy minimization, we have generated a hypothetical model for the interaction of these redox partners in the crystal lattice. General criteria such as good charge and surface complementarity, plausible orientation, and separation distance of the prosthetic groups, as well as more specific criteria such as the stoichiometry determined in the crystal, and the involvement of both domains and of more than one subunit of flavocytochrome b2 led us to discriminate between several possible interaction sites. In the hypothetical model we present, four cytochrome c molecules interact with a tetramer of flavocytochrome b2. The b2 and c hemes are coplanar, with an edge-to-edge distance of 14 Å. the contact surface area is ca. 800 Å2. Several electrostatic interactions involving the flavin and the heme domains of flavocytochrome b2 stabilize the binding of cytochrome c. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 7 (1995), S. 461-469 
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: mass spectrometry ; on-line capillary electrophoresis ; MS / MS analysis ; sheathless electrospray source ; peptides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The sensitivity that can be obtained with the quadrupole ion trap for on-line CE analysis using a sheathless electrospray interface and gold-tipped columns is examined. Capillaries of different i.d. are compared in continuous infusion experiments and the effects of sheath solvents on the signal for some peptides and proteins are illustrated. The sheathless CE/ITMS system using 20 μm i.d. columns is shown to provide mid-attomole detection levels for leucine enkephalin in total ion electropherograms under full scan conditions. Good quality MS/MS spectra are also obtained for low femtomole injections of this peptide.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 443-446 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glucose ; Composite electrodes ; Pulsed amperometry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Segregated composite electrodes mimic microelectrode ensembles. In this preliminary report, the use of a rotating gold-polychlorotri- fluoroethylene (or Kel-F, a 3M Company polymer) composite electrode in combination with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is described for the detection of glucose. Comparisons are made with results obtained at a solid gold disk electrode. The composite electrode exhibits a higher signal and a lower background than does the solid gold electrode. In terms of current density, the enhancement of the signal above the background is over 3-fold, similar to that observed with segregated graphite composite electrodes used in a constant potential mode. Little or no glucose signal is observed at either the solid gold or the gold composite electrode when employed in the constant potential mode. In the PAD mode, the signal is stable for periods in excess of an hour.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 439-442 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) ; Pseudo-stationary phase ; Electroosmotic flow ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new mass spectrometry technique using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ionization source and an ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) detector is described and evaluated for elemental and isotopic analysis. Initial results obtained with the ICP-ITMS technique include sub-ppb detection of bare ions for, most elements, complete destruction of typical polyatomic matrix ions (e.g., CIO+, ArO+, and ArCl+), and effective neutralization of strong Ar+ ion currents. The latter effects allow observation of clearer mass spectra at m/z 〈 80 and potentially improved detection of ‘problem’ elements in ICP-MS (e.g., K, Ca, V, Fe, As, and Se). Formation of poly-oxide and -hydroxide ions of metals with high oxide bond strengths were observed and require system modifications to alleviate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 1222-1229 
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Tandem mass spectra of a variety of adenine-containing deoxynucleic acid anions obtained using collisional activation in a quadrupole ion trap are described. Data are reported for singly charged mono-, di- and trinucleotide species, and also for multiply charged anions derived from tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexanucleotides. Attention is focused on the first step in the unimolecular decomposition of these species, namely the loss of the nucleobase. Specifically, the competition between the loss of the nucleobase as a neutral versus its loss as an anion is addressed within the context of a proposed proton-bound intermediate consisting of the nucleobase and a phosphodiester linkage. The data are interpreted on the basis of the energy surface involved in the break-up of the proton-bound intermediate, which can explain why the competition between loss of a neutral versus charged base is strongly dependent upon the charge of the parent ion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the past, most finite element algorithms on data-parallel computers have been limited to structured problem domains. Here, we consider methods to generalize the finite element method on data-parallel architectures to unstructured domains. A nodal assembly algorithm is described which effectively allows for both the generation of the sparse interaction matrix (coefficient matrix) and its solution via a preconditioned conjugate-gradient type routine utilizing several polynomial preconditioners on the Connection Machine 200 (CM-200). Jacobi preconditioning along with Neumann series and least-squares polynomial preconditioners are presented and implemented are presented and implemented. Only the Jacobi preconditioner produces an improvement in the convergence time for the problems examined. Several irregular interprocessor communication protocols available on the CM-200 are investigated in the solution portion of the algorithm, yielding differing performance characteristics. For one such protocol, sustained performance of over two-hundred MFlops/s, is demonstrated for a test problem on a 512 processing element CM-200 in slicewise mode. The results are discussed and conclusions are drawn concerning this finite element algorithm.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1041-1060 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A decomposition technique for alternative loading conditions in the integrated optimal structural design is developed. The method, called the move coordination, consists of partitioning the large structural optimization problem into a set of smaller coupled subproblems. In each subproblem only one loading condition is considered and the subproblems are solved in a parallel cyclic way. The coupling among the subproblems is accomplished through the introduction of coordinating constraints between each subproblem. These constraints ensure that the final design is the same and feasible for all subproblems. The method developed is illustrated by two examples of member sizing of truss structures using the integrated optimal design formulation and geometric programming. The method presents the advantage of reducing the size of the optimization problem as well as the computer processing time. The method is also suitable for implementation on computers using parallel processing.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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