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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (31)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (6)
  • Polymerase chain reaction
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of sulfur compounds in FCC gasolines by AED. A study of the effect of catalyst type and catalytic conditions on sulfur distribution (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC-AED ; Sulfur ; FCC gasoline ; Compound-independent calibration ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The identification and quantification of sulfur-containing compounds in gasoline has become an area of interest because of impending legislation regulating total sulfur levels in these fuels. To study the effects of catalyst type and catalytic conditions on gasoline sulfur distribution, a method has been developed employing both the compound-independent and element-specific response of the atomic emission detector (AED). Calibration and quantification can be accomplished even where standards are not available, owing to the nature of the AED response.Compounds were separated on a thick film polydimethylsiloxane column. An external calibration curve was applied to the area responses of individual sulfur components in the sulfur chromatogram, and the concentrations of each were calculated. Summation of these sulfur concentrations over the gasoline range yields the total sulfur content of the gasoline.The method is applicable to the determination of these compounds in raw crude oils, finished gasolines, fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) unit gasolines, and fluid catalytic cracking “model” compound studies. A prefractionating column was employed to remove heavy (〉C13) materials; prefractionation is not, however, necessary for distilled or commercial gasoline samples. Detection limits, linearity, detector stability, and accuracy are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240160103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the heme vibrational spectrum: Normal-mode analysis of nickel (II) etioporphyrin-I from resonance raman, ft-raman, and infrared spectra of multiple isotopomers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 395-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Nearly complete vibrational assignments have been obtained for a heme model, nickel etioporphyrin-I (NiEPI), using variable-wavelength resonance Raman (RR), and FT-Raman (FT-R), as well as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, on a series of isotopomers labeled at positions in the skeleton (15N, β-13C, meso-d4, 15N-meso-d4) and in the peripheral substituents (methyl-d12, ethyl-d8, and ethyl-d12). The vibrational bands are assigned to the porphyrin skeletal and substituent modes on the basis of the mode description scheme developed for nickel octaethylporphyrin (NiOEP) with the aid of a normal-mode analysis of NiEPI, explicitly including the peripheral substituents, i.e., the methyl and ethyl groups. The previously reported NiOEP force field was refined to account for the observed isotope shifts of NiEPI isotopomers. An important result is the requirement of relatively large, long-range force constants for methine bridge bonds on opposite sides of the porphyrin ring. These 1-8 and 1-9 interaction force constants are required to reproduce the frequencies and isotope shifts of six Cα-Cm stretching modes and especially to predict the relative order of the two highest-frequency Eu modes, v(Cα-Cm) (v38, ∼ 1570 cm-1) and v(Cβ-Cβ) (v37, ∼ 1600 cm-1). Most of the substituent (methyl and ethyl) vibrations are located in the RR and IR spectra. Strong RR enhancement of some substituent modes can be attributed to hyperconjugative interaction of the aliphatic groups with the porphyrin a1u orbital, as well as vibrational mixing of substituent modes with the nearby skeletal modes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010605
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heme-protein interactions in cytochrome c peroxidase revealed by site-directed mutagenesis and resonance Raman spectra of isotopically labeled hemes (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 2 (1996), S. 365-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Isotope labeling has been used to assign the resonance Raman spectra of cytochrome c peroxidase, expressed in Escherichia coli [CCP (MKT)], and of the D235N site mutant. 54Fe labeling establishes the coexistence of two separate bands (233 and 246 cm-1), arising from the stretching of the bond between the Fe atom and the proximal histidine ligand, His175. These are assigned to tautomers of the H-bond between the His175 imidazole NΓH proton and the Asp235 carboxylate side chain: In one tautomer the proton resides on the imidazole while in the other the proton is transferred to the carboxylate. When Asp235 is replaced by Asn, the H-bond is lost, and the Fe-His stretching frequency is markedly lowered. Two new RR bands are produced, at 205 and 185 cm-1, as a result of coupling between the shifted Fe-His vibration and a nearby porphyrin mode; the two bands share the 54Fe sensitivity expected for Fe-His stretching. C=C stretching and CβC=C bending vibrations have been separately assigned to the 2- and 4-vinyl groups of the protoheme prosthetic group via selective vinyl deuteration. In the acid form of the enzyme, the frequencies coincide for the two vinyl groups, at 1618 cm-1 for the C=C stretch, and at 406 cm-1 for the CβC=C bend. However, the 2-vinyl frequencies are elevated in the alkaline form of the enzyme, to 1628 cm-1 for C=C stretching, and to 418 cm-1 for CβC=C bending, while the 4-vinyl frequencies remain unshifted. Thus, the acid-alkaline transition involves a protein conformation change that specifically perturbs the 2-vinyl substituent. This perturbation might be a reorientation of the vinyl group, or an alteration of the porphyrin geometry that affects the porphyrin-vinyl coupling. The perturbation is attenuated when CO is bound to the enzyme; the C=C frequency is then unaffected in the alkaline form, while the CβC=C bending frequency is shifted to a smaller extent (412 cm-1). This attenuation is probably linked to inhibition of distal histidine binding to the heme Fe in the alkaline form when the CO is bound. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chinese hamster ovary cells with constitutively expressed sialidase antisense RNA produce recombinant dnase in batch culture with increased sialic acid (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 589-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: CH0 cells ; sialidase activity ; recombinant DNase ; sialic acid ; antisense DNA ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under some cell culture conditions, recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells lose sialic acid during the course of the culture (Sliwkowski et al., 1992; Munzert et al., 1996). A soluble sialidase of CHO cell origin degrades the expressed recombinant protein and has been shown to be released into the culture fluid as the viability of the cells decreases. To reduce the levels of the sialidase and to prevent desialylation of recombinant protein, a CHO cell line has been developed that constitutively expresses sialidase antisense RNA. Several antisense expression vectors were prepared using different regions of the sialidase gene. Co-transfection of the antisense constructs with a vector conferring puromycin resistance gave rise to over 40 puromycin resistant clones that were screened for sialidase activity. A 5′ 474 bp coding segment of the sialidase cDNA, in the inverted orientation in an SV 40-based expression vector, gave maximal reduction of the sialidase activity to about 40% wild-type values. To test if this level of sialidase would lead to increased sialic acid content of an expressed recombinant protein, the 474 antisense clone was employed as a host for expression of human DNase as a model glycoprotein. The sialic acid content of the DNase produced in the antisense cultures was compared with material made in the wild-type parental cell line. About 20-37% increase in sialic acid content, or 0.6-1.1 mole of additional sialic acid out of a total of 3.0 mole on the product, was found on the DNase made in the antisense cell lines. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 589-595, 1998.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evolution of the heme group during the allosteric transition in hemoglobin: Insights from resonance raman spectra of isotopically labeled heme (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 2 (1996), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Visible resonance Raman spectra in the low-frequency region (200-500 cm-1) are reported for hemoglobin (Hb) reconstituted with heme that is deuterated at the meso carbon atoms (meso-d4). Spectra were obtained in the deoxy form and in the immediate photoproduct of the carbonmonoxide adduct, HbCO. The isotope shifts permit assignment of two out-of-plane modes, γ6 and γ7, and the in-plane skeletal mode ν8, as well as the well-known iron-histidine [Fe-His] stretching vibration. Important differences between deoxyHb and the immediate photoproduct include 1) a large upshift in the Fe-His frequency, from 216 to 228 cm-1, 2) an upshift in γ6 (349 to 353 cm-1) together with substantial diminution of the ν8 (341 cm-1) intensity, and 3) collapse of two γ7 bands (305 and 296 cm-1) to a single band at 304 cm-1. This last observation implies subunit heterogeneity in deoxyHb but not in the photoproduct. When these bands are monitored in the time-resolved RR spectra following HbCO photolysis, it is seen that subunit heterogeneity is first detectable in the 0.5-μs transient [intermediate S], which has been associated with the initial rearrangement of the subunits to form the T-state contacts, on the basis of ultraviolet RR spectroscopy.1 However the intensification of ν8 does not occur until the 17-μs transient (intermediate T′), in which the T-state contacts are locked in and the Fe-His bond is strained. Implications for the mechanism of Hb allostery are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast atom bombardment mass spectra of low molecular weight alcohols and other compounds. Evidence for a chemical ionization process in the gas phaseThis paper was presented in part at the ASMS 35th Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry. See Ref. 1. (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 21-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290020108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry of the anti-parasitic agent pentamidine and its oxygenated metabolites (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 549-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Although pentamidine (1,5-bis(4′-amidinophenoxy)pentane) is currently in use for the treatment of a variety of parasitic infections, including acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, its metabolism is still under investigation. Positive-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used with high-energy collision-activated dissociation (CAD) and linked scanning at constant B/E to obtain tandem mass spectra of protonated molecules of pentamindine and seven synthetic oxygenated derivatives, which are known metabolites of pentamidine. Charge-initiated fragmentation produced abundant fragment ions of m/z 120 and 137 and loss of neutral ammonia from the protonated analyte that characterized the amidinophenoxy group. The structures of isomeric 2-hydroxypentamidine, 3-hydroxypentamidine and N-hydroxypentamidine could be distinguished based on charge-remote fragmentation that produced a series of fragment ions of the pentyl chain and permitted the exact location of the hydroxyl group in each molecule to be determined. Next, tandem mass spectra were obtained and the charge-initiated and charge-remote fragmentation discussed for four other metabolites of pentamidine, including N,N′-dihydroxypentamidine, 5-(4′-amidinophenoxy)pentanoic acid, 5-(4′-amidinophenoxy) pentan-1-ol, and p-hydroxybenzamidine. Finally, tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify pentamidine and three pentamidine metabolites contained in high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fractions from rat liver perfusate and rat urine following treatment with pentamidine. Pentamidine metabolites identified in rat urine and liver perfusate using mass spectrometry and HPLC retention times included 2-hydroxypentamidine, 3-hydroxypentamidine and 5-(4′-amidinophenoxy)pentanoic acid.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry determination of inorganic ions using an ion spray-sheath flow interface (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 14 (1993), S. 531-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of inorganic cations and anions by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) is reported using an ion spray-sheath flow interface coupling. A twelve-component synthetic mixture of cations which included the positive ions of K, Ba, Ca, Mn, Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ag, and Cu was loaded into the capillary column at levels ranging from 30 to 300 pg, separated by CE, and detected by indirect UV and in the full-scan (m/z 35-450) positive ion CE/MS mode using an aqueous buffer containing 30 mM creatinine and 8 mM α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, pH 4.8. Creatinine forms adducts with the cations which are observed in the gas phase and requires rather high (120 electron volts) declustering energy to dissociate. This produces a reduction in charge state to form the free, singly charged, inorganic cations which are observed in the mass spectra. CE/MS analysis of an aqueous acidic extract of used aircraft engine oil revealed high levels of lead as well as lower levels of chromium and nickel. CE-indirect UV analysis of a synthetic mixture containing 300 pg each of 11 inorganic ions, which included the anions of Br, Cl, NO2, NO3, S2O3, N3, SCN, SO4, SeO4, oxalate, and MoO4, is shown. The running buffer which affected this separation contained 5 mM ammonium dichromate, 10 mM ammonium acetate, and 20 mM diethylenetriamine at pH 9.3. Although indirect UV detection revealed good separation of these anions, CE/MS analysis of this mixture was complicated by interfering ion current signals from the cluster ions formed by the interaction between the additives and the analytes. Thus only three of these singly charged anions, e.g. Br, SCN, and HSeO4, could be satisfactorily detected in this mixture by CE/MS.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150140181
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,4 elimination of C6H6 in the mass spectral fragmentation of 1-phenyltetralin (1971)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210050114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 NMR spectra of Δ4(20).11- taxadiene derivativesPresented at the 13th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products, Pretoria, South Africa, 1882. (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 524-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR spectra of a series of some Δ4(20),11-taxadiene derivatives are reported. A detailed analysis of their assignments is presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/omr.1270210814
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