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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (9)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (7)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (6)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for quantitating adenosine concentration by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) has been developed and used as a reference method for evaluating a newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for adenosine. Details of the GC-MS-SIM method are presented, along with the comparative results and uncertainties of both methods. General considerations in the statistical analysis of method comparison data are discussed with particular reference to studies using quantitative mass spectrometry as the standard method; the adenosine methods are used as specific examples in this discussion. Simultaneous estimation of the y-intercept and slope of the least squares regression line relating the results of the two methods using the 95% joint confidence ellipse demonstrated the absence of either constant or proportional error between the two methods. The relatively small uncertainty in the GC-MS-SIM measurements had no significant effect on the linear regression. Random error between the two methods was detected, and was estimated by the coefficient of variation in the RIA data as ten percent of the RIA value.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: NK cell ; Dog ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The purpose of this work was to describe the ultrastructure and cytochemical staining characteristics of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) cell activity, with comparison made to non-NK lymphocytes.Methods: Canine lymphocyte populations evaluated for ultrastructure, cytochemical staining, and NK function (by 51 chromium release assay) included: peripheral blood lymphocytes; lymphocytes from band 1 (NK-enriched), band 2, and the pellet of a 45/50% percoll gradient; lymphocytes from the supernatant fluid (non-conjugated lymphocytes) and pellet (lymphocytes conjugated to tumor cell targets) of a 17% percoll gradient; and null (CD4-CD8-) and CD4-CD8+ lymphocytes.Results: NK activity was concentrated in band 1 lymphocytes of the 45/50% percoll gradient with further enhancement of activity occurring in sorted null cells. Canine NK cells were 5.5 to 6.5 μm in diameter with a reniform (kidney bean shape) nucleus, and electron-dense cytoplasmic granules. NK cells (percoll band 1 cells and null cells) had larger cell and nuclear area, and less round nuclei when compared to non-NK lymphocytes. The overall cytochemical staining (chloracetate esterase, peroxidase, sudan black B, naphthyl acetate esterase, naphthyl butyrate esterase periodic acid-Schiff stain, and acid phosphatase with and without tartrate) pattern was similar in all the lymphocyte populations evaluated.Conclusions: This work confirms the usefulness of a 45/50% percoll gradient in obtaining a NK-enriched fraction of canine lymphocytes, and shows further enhancement of NK activity in sorted CD4-CD8- cells. The ultrastructure of canine NK cells is similar to that reported for human NK cells, but is different from that of other canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. Standard cytochemical staining does not discriminate canine NK cells from other lymphocytes. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: At the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, the Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee develop strategies for efficiently identifying, procuring, and advancing the most promising drugs into clinical trials. Scientific expertise is applied at each phase of development to critically review the testing methods and results, and to establish and apply criteria for evaluating the agents for further development. The Clinical Development Plan, prepared by the Chemoprevention Branch and the Agent Development Committee, is a summary of the status of the agent regarding evidence for safety and chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. It also contains the strategy for further development of the drug that addresses pharmacodynamics, drug effect measurements, intermediate biomarkers for monitoring efficacy, toxicity, supply and formulation, regulatory approval, and proposed clinical trials. Sixteen Clinical Development Plans are presented here: N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), aspirin, calcium, β-carotene, 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), DHEA analog 8354, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), ibuprofen, oltipraz, piroxicam, Proscar®, sulindac, tamoxifen, vitamin D3 and analogs and vitamin E. The objective of publishing these plans is to stimulate interest and thinking among the scientific community on the prospects for developing chemopreventive drugs. 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Dynamics 196 (1993), S. 283-290 
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Keywords: “Scaleless” mutation ; Cell adhesion molecules ; Integument ; Developing chicken skin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The transient embryonic layers primarily composed of a periderm and subperiderm cover most regions of the chick embryo and are the first suprabasal cell layers covering the body ectoderm. This study presents evidence for regional vriation in the expression of beta keratin in the embryonic layers. Here we show that the embryonic layers covering the anterior metatarsal region of the chicken hindlimb (scutate scale forming region) produce several members of the beta keratin family of polypeptides, designated beta (β) 1-7. These specific polypeptides are later expressed in this region exclusively in the thick, cornified beta strata of mature scutate scales. In contrast to this sequence of events, the embryonic layers overlying the epidermis of the ventral foot pad (reticulate scale-forming region) and those covering the epidermis in apteric regions of the body produce beta keratin polypeptides β1-3 and β2,3, respectively, but no subsequent expression of these proteins occurs in the mature epidermises of these regions. Furthermore, we find that the embryonic layers of the skin overlying the anterior metatasal region of birds homozygous for the mutation “scaleless” (sc/sc), which completely lack scutate scales, produce the same members of the beta keratin family, β1-7, as the embryonic layers and beta strata of normal scutate scales.Thus, the accumulation of specific beta keratin polypeptides in the developing anterior metatarsal region appears to occur in two distinct phases; first, an early region-specific expression in cells of the embryonic layers followed by a second phase of expression which occurs in conjunction with appendage morphogenesis. The relationship between differentiation of embryonic skin and the expression of beta keratins is discussed. © 1993 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Enolic Sugar Derivatives. XIII. 2-Thioglycopyranosides by „Mercapto-nitrations“ of Glycals. The Synthesis of Methyl 3,4,6,-Tri-O-acetyl-2-S-benzoyl-2-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside and -α-D-talopyranosideTri-O-acetyl-D-galactal (1) reacts at low temperature with potassium thiobenzoate and ceric ammonium nitrate. In a possibly stepwise free radical addition process a benzoylthio group is introduced into position 2 and an O-nitro group in position 1 (2). As side-product a large amount of dibenzoyl disulfide (3) is formed. Methanolysis of the labile glycosyl nitrates yields two major products: methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetylbenzoy-2-5-2-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (4) and methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-S-benzoyl-2-thio-α-Dtalopyranoside (5) which can be isolated in crystalline form by column chromatography on silica gel. The structures of 4 and 5 were proved by 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemical means.
    Notes: Tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal (1) reagiert bei tiefer Temperatur mit Kaliumthiobenzoat und Cer(IV)-ammoniumnitrat. In einer vermutlich stufenweisen radikalischen Addition wird eine Benzoylthiogruppe in Stellung 2 und eine O-Nitrogruppe in Stellung 1 eingeführt (2). Als Nebenprodukt entsteht eine große Menge Dibenzoyldisulfid (3). Methanolyse der unbeständigen Glycosylnitrate liefert zwei Hauptprodukte: Methyl-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-S-benzoyl-2-thio-β-D-galactopyranosid (4) und Methyl-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-S-benzoyl-2-thio-α-D-talopyranosid (5), die durch Säulenchromatographie an Kieselgel isoliert und kristallisiert werden konnten. Die Konstitution von 4 und 5 wird durch 1H-NMR und chemische Methoden bewiesen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 211-216 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large multimeric ions were detected from electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of peptides, using a quadrupole mass spectrometer of standard mass range. Multimers, up to heptamers, were seen for angiotensin I; and multimers, up to pentamers, were observed for renin substrate. The appearance of the multimeric species could be controlled by manipulation of sampling conditions in the ESI interface. The relevance of the observation of large multimers to proposed mechanisms of ESI is discussed. Implications of the observation of large multimers to efforts to deduce higher order structure of biomolecules from ESI mass spectrometric experiments are also noted.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tertiäre Amine mit einem aromatischen Liganden werden durch NBS schnell und mit guter Ausbeute im Kern bromiert; die untersuchten Anilinderivate ausschließlich in 4-Stellung. Eine oxydative Entalkylierung wurde beim Umsatz 1:1 nicht beobachtet. Diese wird jedoch zur Hauptreaktion, wenn man Amine des obigen Typs mit Bleitetraacetat in Acetanhydrid umsetzt (Tab. 2).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 6 (1979), S. 414-414 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 10 (1989), S. 58-61 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The demonstration of opioid receptors by radioligand binding and the discovery of their endogenous peptide ligands has provided a new class of compounds that can be used for the development of novel opioids. The number of potential receptor targets for such opioids has been expanded by the identification of multiple opioid receptor types The development of highly selective opioid peptides using the principles of conformational restriction permits the analysis of the structure-activity requirements of each receptor type, and is facilitating the elucidation of the functional properties of the different opioid receptors.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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