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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (21)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Physics  (6)
  • Lignin model compounds  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkyl-phenyl cleavage of the lignin model compounds guaiacylglycol and glycerol-β-guaiacyl ether by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 190-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Lignin model compounds ; β-Aryl ether dimers ; Metabolism ; Methoxyhydroquinone ; Alkyl-phenyl cleavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized guaiacylglycol-β-guaiacyl ether (I) in high nitrogen, shaking and stationary cultures. 2-(o-Methoxyphenoxy) ethanol (X), 2-(o-methoxyphenoxy) acetic acid (IX) and methoxy-phydroquinone (MHQ) were identified as products of the metabolism of (I). P. chrysosporium also metabolized guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (IV) in high nitrogen stationary cultures. 2-(o-Methoxyphenoxy)-1,3 propanediol (XII) and 3-hydroxy, 2-(o-methoxy-phenyxy) propionic acid (XIV) were identified as products of the metabolism of (IV). Finally, P. chrysosporium metabolized α-deoxyguaiacylglycol-β-guaiacyl ether (VI) and α-deoxyguaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (VII) in limiting nitrogen cultures. 2-(o-Methoxyphenoxy) ethanol (X) and 2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3 propanediol (XII) were identified as products of the metabolism of VI and VII respectively indicating α hydroxylation of those substrates with subsequent alkyl-phenyl bond cleavage. Metabolites were identified after comparison with chemically synthesized standards by GLC-mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406157
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Ether cleavage of the lignin model compound 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether and derivatives by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Lignin model compounds ; Lignin metabolism ; β-aryl ether dimers ; β-ether cleavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl-glycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (V) in low nitrogen, stationary cultures under which conditions the ligninolytic enzyme system is expressed. 4-Ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol XIII, guaicol and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (II) were isolated as metabolic products. Exogenously added XIII was rapidly converted to 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol indicating that it is an intermediate in the metabolism of V. P. chrysosporium also metabolized 1-(4′-ethoxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2″-methoxyphenoxy)-3-hydroxypropane VI. The degradation pathway for this dimer also included initial β-ether cleavage and α-hydroxylation of the diol product 1-(4′-ethoxy-3′-methoxyphenyl) 2,3 dihydroxypropane (XI) to yield the triol XIII which was cleaved at the α, β bond to yield 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Finally P. chrysosporium also cleaved the dimer 1-(4′-ethoxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2″-methoxyphenoxy)-1-hydroxypropane (VIII) at the β-ether linkage yielding 1-(4′-ethoxy-3′-methoxyphenyl) 1,2 dihydroxypropane (IX) which was subsequently cleaved at the α, β bond to yield II. All of the results indicate that oxidative β-ether cleavage is an important initial reaction in the metabolism of β-aryl ether lignin substructure dimeric compounds. Metabolities were identified after comparison with chemically synthesized standards by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455350
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct cleavage of the vicinal diol linkage of the lignin model compound dihydroanisoin by the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Vicinal diol cleavage ; Lignin model compounds ; Dihydroanisoin ; Anlsyl alcohol ; White rot basidiomycete ; Anisaldehyde ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Activated oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized dihydroanisoin (1,2-dianisylethane-1,2 diol) in low nitrogen stationary cultures, conditions under which the ligninolytic system is expressed. Anisyl alcohol was isolated as a metabolic product indicating an initial diol bond cleavage of the substrate. Use of 3H-labeled dihydroanisoin (1,2-dianisylethane-1,2-diol-1,2 3H) indicated that the diol bond was cleaved directly, yielding anisyl aldehyde as the initial product. The metabolically stable ketol anisoin was shown not be an intermediate in the metabolism of dihydroanisoin. The diol cleavage reaction was dependent on the concentration of molecular oxygen but O2 could be replaced by H2O2 under some conditions. The cleavage reaction was inhibited by exogenously-added tyrosine2-Cu2+ complex (TCC). The appearance of the fungal diol cleavage system parallels the appearance of the ligninolytic system under a variety of physiological conditions. In addition, preincubation of ligninolytic cultures with 2.5 mM l-glutamate represses both the ligninolytic and the diol cleavage activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407806
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of the lignin model compounds veratrylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 125 (1980), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Lignin model compounds ; β-aryl ether dimers ; Metabolism αβ cleavage ; Veratryl alcohol ; 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol ; Alkyl-phenyl cleavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized the lignin model compounds veratylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether I and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether V in stationary culture under an atmosphere of 100% oxygen and under nitrogen limiting conditions. 2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-ethanol VII was identified as a product of the metabolism of both substrates. Veratryl alcohol and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol IV were identified as metabolites of I and V respectively. Metabolites were identified after comparison with chemically synthesized standards by mass spectrometry. These results indicate the existence of an enzyme system capable of directly cleaving the etherated dimers I and V at the α, β bond. The additional identification of 2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3 propanediol IX as a metabolic product indicates that cleavage of the alkyl-phenyl bond of these dimers or their metabolites also occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of the diarylpropane lignin model compound 1-(3′,4′-diethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-(4′'-methoxyphenyl)-propane and derivatives by the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Lignin model compounds ; Lignin degradation ; Diarylpropane ; α,β cleavage ; Anisyl alcohol ; Lignin ; Basidiomycete
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized 1-(3′,4′-diethoxyphenyl)-1,3(dihydroxy)-2-(4′'-methoxyphenyl)-propane (XII) in low nitrogen stationary cultures, conditions under which the ligninolytic enzyme system is expressed. 3,4-Diethoxybenzyl alcohol (IV), 1,2(dihydroxy)-1-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethane (XX) and anisyl alcohol were isolated as metabolic products indicating an initial α, β bond cleavage of this dimer. Exogenously added XX was rapidly converted to anisyl alcohol, indicating that XX is an intermediate in the metabolism of XII. Fungal cleavage of the α, β bond of 1-(3′-4′-diethoxyphenyl)-1-(hydroxy)-2-(4′'-methoxyphenyl)ethane (XI) also occurred, indicating that a γ hydroxymethyl group is not a prerequisite for this reaction. P. chrysosporium also metabolized 1-(4′-ethoxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-2,2(dihydroxy)-2-(4′'-methoxyphenyl)propane-1-ol (XIII). The major products of the degradation of this triol included 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (III) and 2-hydroxy-1-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxoethane (XXI). The nature of the products formed indicates that this triol is also cleaved directly at the α,β bond. The significant difference in the nature of the products formed from the diaryl propane (XII) and the triol (XIII), however, suggests that XIII is not an intermediate in the major pathway for the degradation of XII. Metabolites were identified after comparison with chemically synthesized standards by GLC-mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508716
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 4 (1990), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of reductive coulometric electrochemical detection for analysis of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their common metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid following separation by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography is described. The high sensitivity and screening capabilities of coulometric electrodes permits the accurate quantitation of as little as 3-5 pg of these compounds in tissue following a simple single step purification procedure. Moreover, comparison of peak height ratios obtained from analysis of authentic reference standards and tissue samples at selected multiple electrode potentials provides a straightforward means for qualitative evaluation of peak identification and purity during analysis of biological samples. The method is comparatively inexpensive and precise within and between day coefficients of variation for most compounds range from 2-5%. Thirty samples can be run in duplicate in a 24 h period.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130040509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the morphology and function of primary cilia in connective tissues:A cellular cybernetic probe? (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 175-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: primary cilia ; connective tissues ; secretory organelles ; extracellular matrix ; cybernetic probe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: More than 300 primary cilia have been identified electronmicroscopically in a variety of embryonic and mature connective tissue cells. To further define the enigmatic function of these cilia, we examined the interrelationships between the basal apparatus and cytoplasmic organelles and the ciliary shaft and the extracellular matrix. The basal diplosome was consistently associated with the secretory organelles including the maturing face of the Golgi complex, Golgi vacuoles and vesicles, the microtubular network, the plasma membrane, and coated pits and vesicles. Small vesicles and amorphous granules were also observed within the ciliary lumen and adjacent to the ciliary membrane. Microtubule-membrane bridges linked axonemal tubules to the ciliary membrane. The position, projection, and orientation of the axoneme were influenced by the structural organisation and mechanical properties of the matrix and frequently caused angulation of the ciliary shaft relative to the basal body. Located midway between the secretory apparatus and the extracellular matrix, primary cilia would appear ideally situated to mediate the necessry interaction between the cell and its surrounding environment prerequisite to the formation and maintenance of a functionally effective matrix. We propose that primary cilia in connective tissue cells could act as multifunctional, cellular cybernetic probes, receiving, transducing, and conducting a variety of extrinsic stimuli to the intracellular organelles responsible for effecting the appropriate homeostatic feedback response to changes in the extracellular microenvironment.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second messenger function of phosphatidic acid in platelet activation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is synthesized as the result of the receptor-mediated response of platelets to physiologic agonists. The role of PA in platelet signal transduction, however, is largely unknown. We have examined the responses of platelets to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid (SAPA), the predominant molecular species of human platelet PA. SAPA alone causes platelet aggregation, and pretreatment of platelets with SAPA markedly enhances thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion. Addition of SAPA to intact human platelets causes rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the generation of diacylglycerol and endogenous PA. These reactions are associated with mobilization of intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C. SAPA also stimulates the release of endogenous arachidonic acid and its conversion to thromboxane A2. Furthermore, platelet activation by SAPA is blocked by indomethacin, indicating that the actions of SAPA are mediated by cyclooxygenase products. These findings suggest that SAPA may play an important role as an endogenous positive feedback signal to amplify receptor-mediated activation of PIP2-specific phospholipase C in human platelets.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390315
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing and decreasing protein stability: Effects of revertant substitutions on the thermal denaturation of phage λ repressor (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 29 (1985), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mutant repressors ; differential scanning calorimetry ; protein stability ; thermal denaturation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The thermal denaturations of five revertant λ repressors containing single amino acid substitutions in their N-terminal domains have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Two substitutions slightly decrease stability, and the remaining three render the protein more stable than wild type. The Gly48 → Asn and Gly48 → Ser proteins are 4°C more stable than wild type. These two substitutions replace an α helical residue, and in each case a poor helix forming residue, glycine, is replaced by a residue with a higher helical propensity. We also present data showing that one revertant, Tyr22 → Phe, has reduced operator DNA binding affinity despite its enhanced stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240290306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal epithelium as observed after efferent ductule ligation (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 267-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seminiferous tubules from testes of normal and efferent ductule ligated mice were examined with the electron microscope. The tubules in the ligated animals were markedly distended and at most stages of the seminiferous cycle the epithelium exhibited a series of circumferentially-oriented ridges. Cross-sectional profiles of these ridges were studied with particular emphasis on the Sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal cells.In the ligated specimen the basal cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells is highly attenuated, often appearing as a thin process resting on the basement lamina. Where the cytoplasm of one Sertoli cell ends, it meets in apposition with the cytoplasm of an adjoining Sertoli cell, and at these sites, junctional specializations are present. The ridges are comprised of a stalk of apical Sertoli cell cytoplasm, often appearing like an inverted cone, with young spermatids aligned along the lateral surfaces and the more mature spermatid population embedded within the apical cytoplasm. Junctional specializations were observed along these lateral Sertoli cell surfaces. In some instances, they formed a free surface, but usually early spermatids were in contact with the junctional specializations. With respect to the more mature spermatids, the acrosomal component was typically found in relation to a junctional specialization. Germ cells at the spermatocyte stage were also noted in relation to the Sertoli cell junctional specializations.The findings suggest that spermatocytes cross the Sertoli cell barrier and gain access to the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule through the disengagement of the inter-Sertoli cell junctional complex. It is proposed that when the inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations separate, the spermatocytes come in apposition with the newly freed junctional surfaces and remain in relation with them through the ensuing divisions. It appears that at some point, firm adhesion between germ cells and the junctional specializations occurs; the spermatid progeny may thus maintain contact with the original inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations until their release into the tubule lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830205
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