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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4)
  • Nephrotoxicity  (2)
  • Chebyshev polynomials
  • Immunocytochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 52 (2000), S. 557-573 
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Chebyshev polynomials ; convex combination ; extremal problems for polynomials ; Lagrange interpolation polynomial ; optimal discrimination designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The extrapolation design problem for polynomial regression model on the design space [−1,1] is considered when the degree of the underlying polynomial model is with uncertainty. We investigate compound optimal extrapolation designs with two specific polynomial models, that is those with degrees |m, 2m}. We prove that to extrapolate at a point z, |z| 〉 1, the optimal convex combination of the two optimal extrapolation designs |ξ m * (z), ξ2m * (z)} for each model separately is a compound optimal extrapolation design to extrapolate at z. The results are applied to find the compound optimal discriminating designs for the two polynomial models with degree |m, 2m}, i.e., discriminating models by estimating the highest coefficient in each model. Finally, the relations between the compound optimal extrapolation design problem and certain nonlinear extremal problems for polynomials are worked out. It is shown that the solution of the compound optimal extrapolation design problem can be obtained by maximizing a (weighted) sum of two squared polynomials with degree m and 2m evaluated at the point z, |z| 〉 1, subject to the restriction that the sup-norm of the sum of squared polynomials is bounded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 646-651 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Sodium dichromate ; Nephrotoxicity ; Glutathione ; Ascorbate ; Carbohydrate metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ascorbate treatment 30 min prior to sodium dichromate (20 or 30 mg/kg, s.c.) shows higher potency than that of glutathione (GSH) in protecting against both the metabolic disturbance and nephrotoxicity induced by dichromate. However, ascorbate treatment after 2 h of dichromate intoxication had no effect on dichromate-induced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) elevation 3 days after intoxication. In contrast, dichromate-induced glucosuria, which reached maximum levels at 3 days after treatment, was significantly decreased by GSH or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment, even if its administration was after 24 h of dichromate intoxication. Pretreatment with GSH depletors such as diethyl maleate (DEM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) had no effect on dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity. GSH levels in the liver and kidney were not affected at 3 h after dichromate treatment. However, dichromate significantly increased tissue GSH levels with a marked increase in liver per kidney GSH ratio at 24 h after treatment, if food was withheld subsequent to dichromate treatment, indicating that GSH biosynthesis resulted from the accelerated protein breakdown. These results suggest that GSH-mediated dichromate reduction is not a kinetically favorable pathway in vivo; however, GSH plays an important role in protection against dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity. In addition, the cellular metabolism of dichromate in the early period after treatment is important in the pathogenesis of its nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 65 (1991), S. 537-541 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Sodium dichromate ; Nephrotoxicity ; Hepatotoxicity ; Lipid peroxidation ; Phenobarbital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the effects of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes of administration of sodium dichromate on nephrotoxicity in rats was studied. Dichromate when injected subcutaneously (SC group) produced a higher degree of nephrotoxicity than when administered intraperitoneally (IP group). It caused severe progressive proteinuria followed by polyuria and glucosuria, reaching maximum levels at 3 days after treatment in the SC group, whereas it produced mild proteinuria without glucosuria in the IP group. The dose-dependent increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, shown in the SC group, were not observed in the IP group. However, between the two groups, there were no great differences in either the urinary excretion rate of chromium or the electrophoretic patterns of urinary protein in the day 1 urine specimens. Pretreatment of phenobarbital (PB) had no remarkable effect on the dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity. In contrast, it potentiated dichromate-induced hepatotoxicity, the indices of which were the elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and hepatic lipid peroxide formation. These results suggest that the dependence of dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity on the route of administration is related to the chemical forms of chromium reaching the kidney, and the necrotizing property of dichromate results from its metabolic fate in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0219-1032
    Keywords: Calcium-binding Protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Localization ; Visual Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and morphology of neurons containing three calcium-binding proteins, calbindin D28K, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rabbit visual cortex were studied. The calcium-binding proteins were identified using antibody immunocytochemistry. Calbindin D28K-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were located throughout the cortical layers with the highest density in layer V. However, calbindin D28K-IR neurons were rarely encountered in layer I. Calretinin-IR neurons were mainly located in layers II and III. Considerably lower densities of calretinin-IR neurons were observed in the other layers. Parvalbumin-IR neurons were predominantly located in layers III, IV, V, and VI. In layers I and II, parvalbumin-IR neurons were only rarely seen. The majority of the calbindin D28K-IR neurons were stellate, round or oval cells with multipolar dendrites. The majority of calretinin-IR neurons were vertical fusiform cells with long processes traveling perpendicularly to the pial surface. The morphology of the majority of parvalbumin-IR neurons was similar to that of calbindin D28K: stellate, round or oval with multipolar dendrites. These results indicate that these three different calcium-binding proteins are contained in specific layers and cells in the rabbit visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 350-351 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An unusual morphine analog was extracted and separated from an opium-like sample. The high resolution mass spectrum of the unknown substance confirmed the empirical formula as C17H18O2NCl. Mass spectra and retention factor values in thin-layer chromatography of both unknown and authentic standards were compared, which lead to the identification of the unknown as β-chloromorphide.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 14 (1980), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sum-over-states perturbation and finite perturbation calculations, within the ‘Solvaton’ model, are presented for the variation of some 17O and 19F chemical shifts as a function of the dielectric constant of the medium. In general, the nuclear screening and charge are predicted to increase as the dielectric constant increases. The effects of hydrogen bonding are included by means of minimum energy dimer models in some of the sum-over-states calculations.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 16 (1981), S. 57-59 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High precision 14N screening measurements are presented for some nitroalkanes. The screening increases as the dielectric constant of the solvent decreases in all cases considered. The β effect on the nitrogen screening is found to be largely independent of solvent, and is thus an intrinsic property of the nitroalkanes. Good agreement is obtained between the observed solvent effects on nitrogen screening and those calculated by the SOS procedure using INDO/S parameters. It is concluded that the measured nitrogen screening changes monitor the electronic changes which occur in the nitroalkanes as the medium is changed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 501-504 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some INDO/S parameterized SOS shielding calculations are reported for the nitrogen nuclei of some N-heterocycles. Hydrogen bonding with H2O and CF3CH2OH is incorporated in a supermolecule approach. The calculated effects of hydrogen bonding are found to be in satisfactory agreement with observed nitrogen shielding variations upon a change of solvent.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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