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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (9)
  • Chemical Engineering  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(Phenylene oxide)/polyamide blends via reactive extrusion (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1056-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reactive extrusion of functionalized polymers provides a convenient, commercially attractive route for the preparation of copolymers useful in compatibilization of polymer blends. In the current study, the grafting chemistry of maleic anhydride to poly(phenylene oxide) in the absence of a radical initiator is contrasted to that of efficient quinone-methide trapping agents such as maleimides. In the case of maleic anhydride, functionalization is shown to occur randomly along the polymer backbone whereas maleimides react to give both main chain and end-group derivatives. Use of this anhydride-functionalized polyfphenylene oxide and an end-group functionalized analog in blends with polyamide-6,6 affords high levels of graft and diblock copolymers respectively, sufficient for the preparation of highly ductile materials. The properties of these polyamide blends are found to depend on the amount of copolymer formed during extrusion with final copolymer levels being in turn returned to the degree of anhydride functionalization. The properties and morphology of blends containing graft or diblock copolymers derived from main-chain and end-group functionality respectively, are rationalized in terms of the relative effectiveness of different copolymer structures in blend compatibilization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301709
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization dynamics within the high pressure electron capture mass spectrometer; the unusual spectra of derivatized polycyclic aromatic amines and perchlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1987), S. 401-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A kinetic model for chemical events occurring within the high pressure electron capture mass spectrometer (HPECMS) ion source is developed which includes four different pathways by which unconventional negative ions can be produced. These routes to unusual ions include reactions of gas phase free radicals, surface-assisted reactions, ion-electron and ion-ion recombination reactions, and ion-wall neutralization. The model developed here provides a diagnostic tool useful for the elucidation of unusual HPEC spectra. Such spectra for two environmentally important classes of compounds are explained by use of the model. These compound classes include the trifluoroacetic derivatives of polycyclic aromatic amines, which have been shown to be present in materials derived from liquified coal, and the derivatives of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, which are used as pesticides. It is shown in this study that several processes, in addition to electron capture, can be operative in the typical HPECMS ion source, and that these processes can be used advantageously for the generation of informative and sensitive mass spectral signals.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200140808
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of semibatch polymerization reactors: II. Pilot-plant study (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semibatch flow scheduling strategy proposed by Teymour and Ray (1989, 1996) is evaluated for a polymerization reaction conducted in a pilot-plant reactor. The reaction used is the free radical terpolymerization of styrene, α-methyl styrene, and acrylic acid monomers initiated by an organic peroxide initiator and carried out in the presence of a reactive glycol ether solvent. This strategy was tested in both single batch and sequential semibatch modes. The process was shown to produce polymer of constant molecular weight properties and composition as inferred from acid number and monomer conversion measurements. This process could be used for obtaining polymer products from a semibatch reactor that are of comparable quality to CSTR products. Results indicate success of this process at meeting this objective; however, practical considerations relating to agitation and temperature control need to be properly addressed to ensure this success.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430118
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer between a turbulent fluid and a solid boundary: Linear theory (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 988-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A linear form of the mass balance equation is used to determine how turbulent transport of mass to a solid wall is related to the fluctuating velocity field. It is found that at high Schmidt numbers the Reynolds transport is controlled by fluctuations of much lower frequency than the most energetic velocity fluctuations. The characteristic of the velocity field that emerges as being most important is the small frequency limiting value of the spectral function of the velocity fluctuations normal to the wall. However, the linear theory that is explored does not predict the correct dependency of the average and the mean-squared deviation of the mass transfer coefficient on Schmidt number. A nonlinear analysis must be performed to examine fully the mechanism of turbulent mass transfer to a solid surface.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280614
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent velocity fluctuations that control mass transfer to a solid boundary (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relation between the velocity and concentration fields for a fully developed turbulent flow which transfers mass to a pipe wall at large Schmidt numbers has been studied. Measurements of the fluctuations of the concentration gradient and the velocity gradient were obtained simultaneously at multiple locations on the wall. Spatial scales were calculated for the low frequency velocity fluctuations by passing the measured signals through low-pass filters. These scales are the same size as the scales of the concentration fluctuations. This result provides additional support for the notion that mass transfer to a boundary at high Schmidt numbers in controlled by low frequency velocity fluctuations which contain only a small fraction of the total turbulent energy.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodology for simultaneous optimization with reliability: Nuclear PWR example (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1050-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220615
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of turbulent mass transfer at a solid boundary (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer between a turbulent fluid and a solid boundary is considered for the case of large Schmidt numbers. The variation of the mass transfer coefficient with time, K(t), is calculated by solving the mass balance equation using a random velocity input. An interpretation of the mass transfer process which is radically different from that given by classical approaches is obtained.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the reaction of diazomethane with dansylated amino acid derivatives by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1990), S. 520-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since the methylation of acids with diazomethane is widely used in trace analysis, it is extremely important for those using this technique to be alert to the analysis of compounds containing other functional groups which might become methylated with high concentrations of diazomethane. We have shown that by adding an excess of diazomethane to dansylated amino acids, not only is the methyl ester formed, but the products can be further methylated. The only remaining acidic hydrogen in the molecule is the hydrogen attached to the sulfonamide nitrogen, and the mass spectrometry results indicate that the methyl ester is formed first, and the N-methylated derivative is formed with excess diazomethane.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200190810
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mass spectra of 4-aminophenanthrene and its trifluoroacetic anhydride and perflnoropropionic anhydride derivatives (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1990), S. 613-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several aminophenanthrenes have been examined with electron impact mass spectrometry. The trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and perfluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) derivatives of 4-aminophenanthrene have been studied with electron impact as well as both positive and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry utilizing methane as a reagent gas. The resulting mass spectra indicate a loss of water from the derivatives and a mechanism is proposed to account for this loss. The spectra also indicate unique fragmentation patterns associated with the position of the substituent, particularly the four position which is in the region of the molecule termed the bay region. Another interesting aspect is the spectral differences observed for the TFAA and PFPA derivatives of 4-aminophenanthrene. The positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrum of the TFAA derivative indicates an ion [M + H — H2O]+; however, the mass spectrum of the PFPA derivative of 4-aminophenanthrene indicates no water loss from the [M + H]+ ion. The negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra of the two derivatives are also very different. The mass spectrum of the TFAA derivative shows an [M — 18]- ion and the PFPA derivative shows successive losses of HF with no apparent loss of water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200191007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytic description of Si(Li) spectral lineshapes due to monoenergetic photons (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 16 (1987), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectra have been recorded from monochromatized Kα1, Kβ1 and Lα1 X-rays in the 3 - 16 keV energy region incident on an Si(Li) detector. An analytic lineshape consisting of a Gaussian plus two Gaussian-exponential convolutes fits these well, except at very low energy. The intensities and parameters of these tails are explored in the context of the processes responsible, and the behaviour of the shorter tail is compared with the predictions of a model calculation of Auger and photoelectron escape. The well behaved energy dependence of the tailing parameters improves the prospects for more accurate fitting of complex XRF, EPMA and PIXE spectra.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300160503
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