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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (75)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (34)
  • Physics  (6)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Les réactions de la 2-chloropurine et d'autre bases, catalysées par la xanthine oxidase, ont été étudiées avec des méthodes différentes basées sur l'idée des orbitales molécularies, telles que HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, et PPP. Ces études not démontré l'importance des indices de réactivité électronique pour comprendre les réactions d'enzymes. De plus il paraît possible de prédire la spécificité de l'enzyme d'une analyse systématique de la différence entre les sites de réactions prédits et observés dans des substrats avec des substituants 2- et 8-oxy.Les concepts de densité d'obritale de frontière, de superdélocalisabilité et d'énergie de localisation se sont avérés tres utiles. Les Méthodes différentes ont donné en général dees résultats consistants.
    Abstract: Ein genauses Studium der durch Xanthine-Oxidas katalysierten Reaktionen von 2-Chloropurin und anderen Basen mittels verschiedenen MO-Methoden, wie HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, PPP, zeigt dass die Enzymreaktionen in der Sprache von elektronischen Reaktivitätsindizes beschrieben werden können. Es scheint möglich das Enzymspezifizität von einer systematischen Analysis der Verschiedenheit zwischen theoretisch berechnbeten und observierten Reaktionslagen in Substraten Mit 2- und 8-oxy Substituenten vorherzusagen.De Regriffe der Grenzorbitaldichte, des Superdelokalisabilitäts und der Lokalisierungsenergie sind sich sehyr nützlich rewiesen. Verschiedence MO-Methoden gaben im allgemeinen übereinstimmende Resultate.
    Notes: A detailed study to the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed reactions of 2-chloropurine and other substrate bases with various molecular-orbital techniques such as HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, and ppp semiempirical SCF—LCAO—MO has shown that the enzyme reactions can be understood in terms of electronic reactivity indices. Furthermore, it appeared possible to suggest the enzyme specificity from a systematic analysis of discrepancy between mo theoretically predicted and observed reaction sites in substrates with 2- and 8-oxy substituents. In other words, the discrepancy does not necessarily indicate the failure of the MO melthodes for such substrates, but it is possible to utilize the result in correlating with binding specificity of the ES complex. This has been done specifically for 2-chloropurine.Among several electronic reacxtivity indices, frontier orbital density, superdelocalizability, and localization energy have been proved to be very useful. Diferent MO methods gave, in general, consistent results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly[sulfadiazinacrylamid] (5) mit 14C-Hauptkettenmarkierung wurde synthetisiert und sein Molekulargewicht viskosimetrisch durch Vergleich mit inaktiven Proben von Poly-[sulfadiazinacrylamid] mit membranosmometrisch ermittelten Molekulargewichten ähnlicher Größe bestimmt.In seinem systemischen Verhalten bei Mäusen zeigte die Verbindung einen polymerspezifisch protahierten Verlauf. Die Ausscheidungsraten des Polymeren waren vernachlässigbar gering, seine Toxizität erheblich. Es wurde im Untersuchungszeitraum in der Leber akkumuliert, aber eine Tumoraffinität zum PC6 Plasmazelltumor bei Mäusen war nicht feststellbar.
    Notes: Poly[sulfadiazineacrylamide] (5), labeled with 14C in the main chain, was synthesized and its molecular weight viscosimetrically determined by comparison with unlabeled samples of poly[sulfadiazineacrylamide] with similar molecular weights which were determined by membrane osmometry.The material showed a polymer-specific prolongation of its systemic behaviour in mice. Rates of excretion of the polymer were negligibly low, whereas the toxicity was considerable. It was concentrated in the liver during the course of the experiment, but no affinity toward the PC6 plasmacytoma in mice could be detected.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1353-1371 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique for the control of continuous synthesis of addition polymers with precisely controlled average molecular weight and minimum polydispersity has been developed. A control system adjusts the concentration of chain-transfer agent in the reactor feed to compensate for all other upsets, in the reactor inputs: initiator and monomer concentrations, temperature and feed rate. The technique has been evaluated quantitatively on a digital computer using a kinetic model of homogeneous, free-radical solution polymerization. In computational tests, the modeled control system generally held the instantaneous number-average chain length within 1%, and quickly returned it to the desired value in response to a wide variety of upsets. By generalizing the Schulz distributions to include termination by disproportionation, combination and chain-transfer, it is shown that changes in the molecular-weight distribution resulting from the action of the control system are minor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 201-214 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The diffusivities of simple gases through a series of polyurethane block copolymers of differing aromatic urethane content and type of soft segment were measured using a quadrapole mass spectrometer as a detecting device. Although an Arrhenius expression generally described the temperature dependence of diffusion in this system, a discontinuity was observed in the Arrhenius plots for some materials, and the discontinuity was found to be related to the onset of the glass transition in the hard domains. Increasing the hard segment content of the materials decreased the diffusivity due to the increase in the activation energy of diffusion. Increasing the soft segment length brought about a decrease in the activation energy with an increase in diffusivity. Polyster urethanes had lower activation energies for diffusion than polyether urethanes of similar hard segment composition. Finally, as the penetrant diameter was increased, a decrease in the diffusivity and an increase in the activation energy was noted.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine the fraction of an intravenous bolus dose of ketamine which is metabolized in vivo to the corresponding N-desmethyl compound, norketamine, a novel stable isotope technique was developed and applied to a study in rats. Co-injection of equimoiar amounts of deuterium-labeled ketamine and unlabeled norketamine to four animals, followed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of both the administered compounds and deuterium-labeled norketamine in plasma yielded pharmacokinetic data from which the fraction of the parent drug subjected to N-demethylation (fm) was calculated from AUC data to be 36.8 ± 2.4%. It is concluded that this stable isotope co-administration technique represents a powerful approach to the determination of fm, in that the pharmacokinetics of the metabolite of interest, given as the preformed compound and generated in vivo, are determined simultaneously. This experimental design thus obviates the influence of time-dependent changes in metabolite clearance which may complicate the interpretation of studies performed using the classical cross-over design.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkoxycarbonyl derivatives of the cysteine-, N-acetylcysteine- and glutathione conjugates of acetaminophen have been prepared in aqueous buffer solutions and their chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties examined. Structurally informative fragmentation patterns of the cysteine- and N-acetylcysteine derivatives were obtained when their methyl esters were subjected to analysis by direct insertion chemical ionization (CH4) mass spectrometry, although field desorption and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometric techniques were required in order to obtain satisfactory spectral data for derivatives of the glutathione adduct. Treatment of ethoxycarbonyl derivatives of the three acetaminophen metabolites with N-methyltrifluoroacetamide-based silylating reagents led to the formation of a common volatile product which was ideally suited to analysis by gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of this novel derivative, which appears to possess a benzo-1,3-thioxalane structure, and its mass spectral characteristics are reported. Finally, the utility of alkoxycarbonyl derivatives for the analysis of drug - thioether conjugates in biological fluids is discussed in terms of their advantages for aqueous phase derivatization, purification by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterization by mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 571-573 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glucose ; Biosensor ; Nafion ; Oxygen dependence ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have prepared amperometric glucose sensitive electrodes with a composite active layer consisting of Nafion, glucose oxidase, and carbon-supported platinum particles. A particularly advantageous configuration results from the use of such a film on a gas diffusion electrode. We demonstrate that the gas diffusion electrode configuration enables us to supply oxygen from the back of the electrode, thus providing the capability of operating the sensor independent of dissolved oxygen. The insensitivity to solution oxygen concentration has been demonstrated by monitoring the glucose response of the electrode after extensive deoxygenation of solution. Cast composite layers yield mechanically robust coatings with high enzyme loadings, and thus high sensitivity to glucose. The electrode responds rapidly and is stable over a long period (90% activity after more than half a year) when stored in solution. We have optimized the composition of the sensitive layer with respect to Nafion to C/Pt ratio and enzyme loading.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment is given which predicts the behavior of a foamed elastic material on the basis of a model consisting of a network of thin threads. Two cases are considered: (1) small strains, and (2) finite compressions, when the major part of the deformation of the threads is attributed to buckling. The behavior is given in terms of Young's modulus of the matrix and the density of the foam. Measurements of the load-deformation relations for small tensile strains and finite compressions are described for natural rubber foams prepared from latex. A wide range of density is covered (0.09-0.57), giving a variation of compression hardness of about 100:1. Satisfactory agreement with theory is found for both the cases considered, indicating that the basic concepts of the structure and mode of deformation are correct.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 354-357 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment is given which predicts the tear strength of a foamed elastic material. The energy required to break a test-piece in simple extension is also calculated, on the assumption that tensile failure occurs by catastrophic tearing from a small nick of a similar size to the largest pore present in the test-piece. The behavior is given in terms of the strength of the matrix, the density of the foam, and the pore size. Measurements of the tear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break are described for natural rubber foams prepared from latex. A wide range of density is covered (0.09-0.5) giving a variation in tear strength of 9 : 1 and in work-to-break of 24 : 1. Satisfactory agreement with theory is found in both cases, indicating that the basic concepts of the modes of failure are correct. It is concluded that uniformity of pore size is required for maximum strength, and a large average pore size for high tear resistance.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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