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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (5)
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens  (4)
  • Earthworms  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in the transport of bacterial inocula through soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 132-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Bacterial inocula lux modified ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Repacked soil microcosms ; Earthworms ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Leaching patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two laboratory experiments were used to investigate the effect of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on transport of genetically marked Pseudomonas fluorescens inocula through soil microcosms. The microcosms comprised cylindrical cores of repacked soil with or without earthworms. Late log-phase cells of P. fluorescens, chromosomally marked with lux genes encoding bioluminescence, were applied to the surface of soil cores as inoculated filter paper discs. In one experiment, 5 and 10 days after inoculation, cores were destructively harvested to determine concentrations of marked pseudomonads with depth relative to the initial inoculum applied. Transport of the bacteria occurred only in the presence of earthworms. In a second experiment cores were subjected to simulated rainfall events 18 h after inoculation with lux-marked bacteria at 3-day intervals over a 24-day period. Resulting leachates were analysed for the appearance of the marked bacteria, and after 28 days cores were destructively harvested. Although some marked cells (less than 0.1% of the inoculum applied) were leached through soil in percolating water, particularly in the presence of earthworms, the most important effect of earthworms on cell transport was through burial of inoculated litter rather than an increase in bypass flow due to earthworm channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336053
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel method for the study of the population dynamics of a genetically modified microorganism in the gut of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Genetically modified microorganisms ; Population dynamics ; Earthworm gut ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Lumbricus terrestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A laboratory microcosm study was used to investigate the survival and population dynamics of genetically modified microorganisms (GMM) in the gut of Lumbricus terrestris. Three methods of axenic earthworm production were investigated. An antibiotic mixture of streptomycin and cycloheximide was introduced either passively, mixed with sterile soil or cellulose, or actively, by teflon catheter. Worms treated by all methods lost weight but this was least for the catheter method which was also the only method to produce axenic earthworms. Axenic earthworms were used to determine the effect of competition with indigenous gut bacteria on ingested GMM. The GMM used was Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain 10586/FAC510, with chromosomally inserted Lux genes for bioluminescence, and chromosomal resistance to rifampicin. The bacteria were grown up to the mid-exponential phase before inoculation into earthworms. Bacteria in faecal material were enumerated by dilution plate counting using selective agar. The GMM were re-isolated from the casts of both antibiotic-treated and untreated earthworms. Lower concentrations of GMM and higher concentrations of indigenous bacteria in the casts of untreated compared to antibiotic-treated earthworms suggested that competition is a fundamental control on population dynamics of the introduced bacterial inocula ingested by earthworms. The catheter method, developed in this study, is proposed as a technique to contribute to the risk assessment of environmental release of GMM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336289
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A partial chloroform-fumigation technique to characterise the spatial location of bacteria introduced into soil (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Chloroform ; Fumigation ; Spatial location ; Pore location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bioluminescence-marked cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens were inoculated into soil by introduction into pores of two different size classes (〈 6 and 30–60 μm neck diameter). Partial chloroform fumigation resulted in a differential killing of cells depending on the placement of the inoculum within the soil pore network and on the period of fumigation. Reduced survival was associated with increasing periods (30–120 min) of fumigation, and with inoculum placement into larger rather than smaller pores. Comparison of the effects of partial fumigation on cells introduced into four soils of contrasting pore-size distribution highlighted the need to calibrate the method on the basis of air/water-filled pore space and chloroform diffusion dynamics for different soil types. It is proposed that partial fumigation facilitates spatial characterisation of the distribution of bacterial cells introduced into soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336321
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in the transport of bacterial inocula through soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 132-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bacterial inocula lux modified ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Repacked soil microcosms ; Earthworms ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Leaching patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two laboratory experiments were used to investigate the effect of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris on transport of genetically marked Pseudomonas fluorescens inocula through soil microcosms. The microcosms comprised cylindrical cores of repacked soil with or without earthworms. Late log-phase cells of P. fluorescens, chromosomally marked with lux genes encoding bioluminescence, were applied to the surface of soil cores as inoculated filter paper discs. In one experiment, 5 and 10 days after inoculation, cores were destructively harvested to determine concentrations of marked pseudomonads with depth relative to the initial inoculum applied. Transport of the bacteria occurred only in the presence of earthworms. In a second experiment cores were subjected to simulated rainfall events 18 h after inoculation with lux-marked bacteria at 3-day intervals over a 24-day period. Resulting leachates were analysed for the appearance of the marked bacteria, and after 28 days cores were destructively harvested. Although some marked cells (less than 0.1% of the inoculum applied) were leached through soil in percolating water, particularly in the presence of earthworms, the most important effect of earthworms on cell transport was through burial of inoculated litter rather than an increase in bypass flow due to earthworm channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336053
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of urinary nucleosides in cancer patients; potential of modified nucleosides as tumour markers (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analysis of urine from cancer patients by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry positively identified 14 urinary nucleosides including several modified nucleosides. Levels of the modified nucleosides 1-methyl-adenosine, 2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine and 1-methylinosine as well as the total nucleoside level were elevated in the urine when a malignant tumour was present; the levels of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine were found to correlate with the stage of the cancer.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of cyclic nucleotide-related enzymes by continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 293-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment mass Spectrometry has been developed to directly monitor cyclic nucleotide (substrate) and its product levels from an on-going phosphodiesterase reaction. Analysis of cAMP and cCMP phosphodiesterase incubates have been performed where the temporal evolution of the enzymic reaction is monitored and the effect of enzyme concentration upon the rate of reaction determined. Quantitative data on the enzyme kinetics have been obtained, in the form of Lineweaver-Burke plots, that are shown to correlate well with well-established radiometric methods.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry: Assay of cytidine 3′, 5′ -cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A protein kinase, stimulated by cytidine 3′, 5′ -cyclic monophosphate, is conventionally assayed by monitoring the incorporation of radiolabelled phosphate from adenosine triphosphate into a histone substrate. Here the assay of the protein kinase is carried out by positive-ion fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of the enzyme incubation mixture after the reaction has been terminated. The data so obtained show good agreement with data obtained by the conventional radiometric assay: the intrinsic advantage of the mass spectrometric assay is the capacity for multiple component monitoring; the ability of the kinase to bind competing cyclic nucleotides togeter with integral adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and phosphodiesterase activity can also be assessed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290061004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of cyclic nucleotide and nucleotide triphosphate analogues used in studies of cyclic nucleotide-related enzymes (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 725-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two isomers of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, which show agonist and antagonist activity with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, were found to yield essentially identical positive-ion fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra, but S1 and S2 fragments of differing relative intensities in their collision-induced dissociations, studied using mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (CID/MIKE) spectra. Halogen-substituted cyclic nucleotides, used in differentiating between protein kinase cyclic nucleotide binding sites, produced FAB mass spectra and CID/MIKE spectra with fragmentations generally analogous to those of the parent cyclic nucleotides; the bromo-derivatives showed a greater propensity for dehalogenation than the chloro-derivatives. The adenosine triphosphate analogues, adenylyl-(β,γ-methylene)-diphosphate and adenylyl-imidodiphosphate, alternative substrates for adenylyl cyclase, showed similar fragmentations with the methylene and imido groups blocking cleavage between the β and γ phosphate groups. The fragmentations observed are discussed in the context of the use of these compounds in the assay of protein kinase and adenylyl cyclase activity by quantitative mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070809
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of enzyme kinetic parameters of cyclic CMP-specific phosphodiesterase by quantitative fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 26 (1991), S. 447-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of cytidine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase activity by means of fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass Spectrometry with mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrum scanning is described. Initial efforts to determine the activity of the enzyme by this method were unsuccessful owing to the obfuscation of sample-related peaks by peaks emanating from the incubation buffer and cation adducts; dilution of buffer and a desalting procedure overcame these difficulties. In the resulting positive-ion FAB mass spectra, characteristic peaks of the enzyme substrate and product could be readily identified and the protonated molecular ions selected for MIKE scanning. By spiking enzyme incubates with known amounts of substrate and product, and measuring peak heights in the MIKE spectra of both spiked and unspiked samples, the substrate/product ratio at the end of a series of phosphodiesterase incubations was determined. From the data obtained, the Km and Vmax of the phosphodiesterase were calculated as 6.08 mM and 11 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively, showing good agreement with the analogous values of 8.06 mM and 5.8 μmol-1 min-1 mg-1 obtained by radioactive assay.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210260514
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