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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Ischemia ; Lipid peroxidation ; Glutathione-oxidative damage ; Small intestine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regional intestinal ischemia in cats resulted in an accumulation of hypoxanthine within 2h, the concentration of which rose from 0.062 to 1.131 nmol/mg protein. A similar rise in AMP content (from 0.5 to 3.2 nmol/mg protein) was observed, but not in the ADP level. In parallel, ATP content decreased from 7.5 to 2.8nmol/mg protein. Reperfusion of the ischemic tissue was followed by rapid metabolism of the purine metabolites; after 1 h of reperfusion the tissue level of hypoxanthine was 0.186 nmol/mg protein, of AMP 0.7 nmol/mg protein, and of ATP 4.3 nmol/mg protein. The oxidation of hypoxanthine, mediated by xanthine oxidase, is accompanied by the release of superoxide ions. Consequently, the concentration of oxidized glutathione was doubled upon reperfusion, while marked lipid peroxidation took place, as evidenced by the rise in conjugated diene content from 2.8 µmol/g tissue before reperfusion to 5.6 µmol/g tissue after 10min of reoxygenation. In line with these findings is the fact that histologically observable damage occurred mainly in the presence of oxygen. These data indicate that, at least in our model, rapid reoxygenation is a major cause of “ischemic” tissue damage
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Superoxide ; Lipid peroxidation ; Glutathione ; Ischemia ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a feline model of regional intestinal ischemia, reoxygenation resulted in a rise in the concentration of oxidized glutathione, from 2.3 ± 0.7 to 4.1 ± 0.5% of the total glutathione. Also conjugated diene as an indirect measurement for lipid peroxidation increased after reperfusion from 2.5 ± 0.5 µmol/g to 5.5 ± 1.2 µgmol/g tissue. These results are in line with the hypothesis that ischemia results in an accumulation of hypoxanthine and a conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into its O2-dependent form. Upon reoxygenation, hypoxanthine can be oxidized giving yield to a burst of O2 and its interconversion products. These may initiate peroxidative tissue damage. Pretreatment of the cats with superoxide dismutase inhibited the biochemical alterations and protected the tissue from peroxidation damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Total gastrectomy ; Treatment costs ; Decontamination ; Anastomotic leakage. ; Schlüsselwörter: Behandlungskosten ; Dekontamination ; Anastomoseninsuffizienz.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Es war Ziel der Untersuchung, den Einfluß der Dekontamination im Vergleich zu einer Placebomedikation auf die postoperativen Behandlungskosten nach Gastrektomie zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse einer prospektiv doppelblind angelegten und placebokontrollierten Multicenterstudie zeigen, daß eine perioperative i. v.-Prophylaxe mit Cefotaxim und eine topische Dekontamination mit Polymyxin B, Tobramycin, Vancomycin und Amphotericin B in der Prävention oesophagojejunaler Anastomoseninsuffizienzen höchst wirksam ist. Beim Kostenvergleich der beiden Gruppen wurden nur dem Studienprotokoll entsprechend dekontaminierte Patienten (n = 90) den mit Placebo behandelten (n = 103) gegenüber gestellt, weil der Einfluß der Dekontamination auf die Behandlungskosten ermittelt werden sollte. Die oesophagojejunale Nahtinsuffizienzrate betrug 10,6 % bei Placebopatienten (n = 103) und konnte unter Dekontamination (n = 90) hochsignifikant auf 1,1 % reduziert werden (p = 0,0061; Fisher-exact-Test, 2-tailed). Es konnte nur eine asymptomatische Anastomoseninsuffizienz im Gastrografinschluck nachgewiesen werden. Auch die Lungeninfektions- (p = 0,0173) und Gesamtkomplikationsrate (p = 0,0238) waren in der Gruppe der Dekontaminierten signifikant reduziert. Im Beobachtungszeitraum verstarben 9 (8,7 %) der Placebopatienten und 3 (3,3 %) der Dekontaminierten. Die Kostenermittlung umfaßte die orale Prophylaxe, Pflegekosten der Normal- und Intensivstation, Nachsorgeklinik, Antibiotica sowie Reoperationen und Interventionen. Sie beschränkte sich ausschließlich auf die ersten 42 postoperativen Tage. Die Gesamtkosten der Placebogruppe beliefen sich pro Patient auf 20 000,– DM. Die durchschnittlichen Gesamtkosten pro Patient betrugen in der Prophylaxengruppe dagegen nur 16 200,– DM, weil signifikant weniger Patienten für kürzere Zeiträume intensivmedizinisch behandelt werden mußten (p = 0,0082), signifikant weniger Patienten antibiotisch therapiert (p = 0,0232) wurden und die Anzahl der Patienten mit Reoperationen und Reinterventionen geringer war als in der Placebogruppe (p = 0,0909). Die Durchführung einer Prophylaxe zum Preis von 400,– DM senkte die postoperativen Behandlungskosten um 3800,– DM oder 19 %. Die Prophylaxe kann empfohlen werden, weil sie die Morbidität, die Letalität und die Kosten der Gastrektomie senkt.
    Notes: Summary. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of decontamination as compared to placebo medication on post-gastrectomy treatment costs. The results of a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial indicate that perioperative i. v. prophylaxis with cefotaxim and topical decontamination with polymyxin B, tobramycin, vancomycin and amphotericin B from the day before surgery until the 7th postoperative day is most effective in the prevention of esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage following total gastrectomy. For the cost analysis, only patients who had been decontaminated according to the study protocol (n = 90) were compared to the non-decontaminated patients (n = 103). The esophagojejunal leakage rate was 10.6 % in placebo patients (n = 103) and could be reduced significantly to 1.1 % in decontaminated patients (n = 90, P = 0.0061; two-tailed Fisher's exact test). There was only one asymptomatic leakage detected on Gastrografin swallow. The pulmonary infection (P = 0.0173) and overall complication rates (p = 0.0238) were significantly reduced in the decontamination group as well. During the observation period, 9 (8.7 %) patients in the placebo group and 3 (3.3 %) in the decontaminated group died (P = n. s.). Patients were followed up for the initial 42 postoperative days and treatment costs were calculated for this time period only. The parameters compiled in the study pertaining to use of medical resources formed the basis for the determination of the postoperative treatment costs. These were the costs for decontaminating drugs, intravenous antibiotics, reoperations and non-surgical reinterventions as well as daily treatment costs of the general ward, the intensive care unit (ICU) and rehabilitation. The average costs per patient in the placebo group amounted to DM 20 000 while the costs for decontaminated patients were only DM 16 200, which was due to a significantly lower number of patients requiring treatment in the ICU (P = 0.0082), significantly fewer patients requiring i. v. antibiotics (P = 0.0232) and fewer patients with reoperations (P = 0.0909). The prophylaxis employing decontaminating drugs in the amount of DM 400 lowered post-gastrectomy treatment costs by DM 3800 or 19 %. The prophylaxis can be recommended, because it lowers morbidity, mortality and the costs of total gastrectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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