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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angioplasty ; Transluminal ; Peripheral arterial disease ; Atherosclerosis ; Aspirin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal atherosclerotic lesions can provide long-lasting hemodynamic improvement. High-dose aspirin is commonly prescribed as reocclusion prophylaxis, but low doses would be preferable because of fewer adverse effects. We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial in patients with peripheral vascular disease with lesions appropriate for angioplasty. We compared the efficacy and side effects of two doses of aspirin (50 mg vs. 900 mg daily) during a period of 12 months after angioplasty. A total of 359 patients were evaluated: 175 were randomly assigned to treatment with 900 mg aspirin daily and 184 to 50 mg aspirin a day. Thirty-nine patients developed restenosis at the angioplasty site; the cumulative percentage of event-free survival after 1 year (patency rate) was 85% in the 900-mg group and 84% in the 50-mg group. An equivalence test showed the two groups equivalent with respect to restenosis rates (P = 0.003 for an equivalence region of 〈 10% difference). Nine patients (5%) in the 900-mg group had serious gastrointestinal side effects (peptic ulcer, eight; erosive gastritis requiring transfusion, one) compared to two (peptic ulcer) in the 50-mg group (P = 0.03). The results of our study show that a dose of 50 mg aspirin a day is as effective as one of 900 mg for the prevention of restenoses after lower limb angioplasty, and that severe gastrointestinal side effects are less frequent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1155-1164 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renal prostaglandin ; Kallikrein-Kinin-System ; Antidiuretic hormon ; Renin ; Renal blood flow ; Renales Prostaglandin ; Kallikrein-Kinin-System ; Antidiuretisches Hormon ; Renin ; renaler Blutstrom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die folgende Übersicht beleuchtet die für die Nierenfunktion wichtigen Aspekte der in der Niere synthetisierten Prostaglandine (PG). Die Analyse des derzeitigen Wissenstandes über die renale PG-Synthese zeigt die Grenzen der biochemischen in vitro Methoden und die Notwendigkeit der Verbesserung der in vivo Analyse auf. Die Problematik der Messung zirkulierender-PG und die Frage ihrer Bedeutung für die Nierenfunktion wird diskutiert. Der renale Blutfluß hängt unter Streß-Bedingungen von den renalen PG ab, nicht jedoch unter Basalbedingungen. In diesem Zusammenhang beinhaltet die Definition des Streß allerdings auch bereits Natriumarme Ernährung. Bei einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Erkrankungen wird entdeckt, daß PG für die Aufrechterhaltung der Nierendurchblutung von Bedeutung sind. Angiotensin II ist wahrscheinlich der Streß-Faktor, welcher für die erhöhte PG-Synthese verantwortlich ist, welche die Vasokonstriktion partiell antagonisiert. — Die Rolle der PG bei der Natriumexkretion ist nicht exakt definiert und es liegen widersprüchliche Ergebnisse vor. Beim Menschen ist eine natriuretische Wirkung endogener PG wahrscheinlich, kann jedoch nur unter genau definierten Bedingungen nachgewiesen werden. Blocker der PG-Synthese bewirken meist eine Natriumretention. Jedoch kommt es nach Gabe dieser Pharmaka rasch zu einem neuen Fließgleichgewicht für Natrium mit charakteristisch supprimierten Werten für die Plasmareninaktivität und Plasma-Aldosteron. Die renalen PG reduzieren die hydroosmotische Wirkung von Vasopressin (VP). Der Mechanismus dieser Wirkung ist nicht bekannt und die Rolle des cAMP ungewiß. Neuere Befunde zeigen eine starke Stimulation der renalen PG-Synthese durch VP unabhängig von seiner pressorischen Wirkung. Stimulation der renalen PG-Synthese durch Kininogen und Kinine ist bekannt, jedoch die funktionelle Bedeutung ist unklar, insbesondere da dem renalen Kallikrein-Kinin-System noch keine physiologische Funktion zugeordnet werden kann. Renale Reninabgabe erfolgt teilweise über PG-abhängige Mechanismen. Die Bedeutung von Prostazyklin für die durch den Barorezeptor und die Macula densa vermittelte Reninabgabe wird dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary This brief review summarizes the important modulatory effects of endogenous renal prostaglandins (PGs) on renal function. A brief survey of current knowledge of renal PG synthesis reveals the shortcomings of biochemical in vitro studies and points out the necessity to improve methods of in vivo assessment. The problem of measuring circulating levels of PGs and the question of the importance of these PGs for renal function are discussed. Renal blood flow is shown to depend on renal PG's in situations of stress but not under basal conditions. However, in this respect the definition of stress has to include even the mild condition of sodium deprivation. An increasing number of disease states is emerging where renal blood flow is shown to depend on cyclooxygenase activity. Angiotensin II infused or synthesized endogenously seems to be the most likely stress mediator causing enhanced renal PG synthesis which opposes its vasoconstrictor activity. The role of PGs in sodium excretion is not well defined and controversial. In man, most available evidence supports a natriuretic role of renal PGs. However, this role can only be demonstrated under well defined conditions. Inhibitors of PG biosynthesis will cause sodium retention. However, following administration of these drugs a new steady state is reached rapidly characterized by suppressed plasma renin activity and aldosterone. Renal PGs alternate vasopressin effect on urine concentration. The mechanism for this is poorly understood and the role of cAMP in this interaction controversial. Recent evidence showing stimulation of renal PG synthesis by vasopressin independent of its pressor effect is presented. While the stimulatory role of kininogen and kinins on renal PG synthesis has been shown the functional consequences have not been sufficiently defined. Moreover, assessment of the activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system is at present not possible and no physiological role in renal function has as yet been delineated. Regulation of renal renin release involves PGs. Evidence is presented in support of a role of prostacyclin in baroreceptor and macula densa mediated renin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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