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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 1328-1335 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Systemic sclerosis ; Anorectal manometry ; Fecal incontinence ; Rectoanal inhibitory reflex ; Esophageal manometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare esophageal and anorectal function parameters in patients with systemic sclerosis and to define the role of anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement of systemic sclerosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients (22 females) with systemic sclerosis originally referred for assessment of esophageal function were evaluated by esophageal and anorectal manometry. Anorectal function parameters were compared between patients with normal and those with disturbed esophageal function. RESULTS: A total of 17 of 26 patients (65 percent) had severe esophageal dysfunction with aperistalsis of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, whereas 9 patients (35 percent) had normal esophageal manometry. Only three patients (11.5 percent) suffered from occasional fecal incontinence. Anorectal function parameters (resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure, perception threshold) were not significantly different between patients with normal and those with disturbed esophageal motility. Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was excitable in nearly 90 percent of patients. CONCLUSION: In an unselected group of patients with systemic sclerosis, fecal incontinence and abnormal anorectal function are rather rare findings. Anorectal manometry cannot differentiate between patients with and without gastrointestinal involvement of systemic sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 35 (1998), S. 574-581 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Pancreatitis ; cytokines ; anti-cytokines ; Schlüsselwörter Pankreatitis ; Zytokine ; Antizytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zytokine und ihre endogenen Antagonisten werden von Entzündungszellen während der akuten Pankreatitis freigesetzt. Die Rolle der Zytokine in der Initiation der akuten Pankreatitis läßt sich eindrucksvoll am Tiermodell, aber auch an der ERP induzierten Pankreatitis beim Menschen untersuchen. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Zytokinfreisetzung mit einer gegenregulatorischen Erhöhung der Antizytokine einhergeht. Die Zytokinfreisetzung korreliert gut mit dem Schweregrad der Pankreatitis und erlaubt mithin die Prognose des Krankheitsverlaufes vorauszusagen, wenngleich dies durch die klinische Beurteilung oder mit der Bestimmung der Leukozytenelastase ebenfalls möglich ist. Antientzündliche Zytokine, wie IL-10 oder lösliche Antagonisten/ Rezeptoren von Zytokinen, wie IL-1β und TNF-α sind möglicherweise vielversprechende Stoffe in der Therapie der akuten Pankreatitis, wie dies an Tiermodellen gezeigt wurde und in klinischen Studien jetzt bestätigt werden sollte.
    Notes: Summary Cytokines and their endogenous antagonists are released from inflammatory cells during acute pancreatitis. The role of cytokines in the initiation of acute pancreatitis has been examined in animal models but also in patients using the post-ERP pancreatitis model. Cytokine release was followed by an anti-cytokine release. Serum levels of cytokines correlate well with the severity of the pancreatitis and may be useful as prognostic parameters. However, clinical scores as well as PMN elastase are established in determining prognosis. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-10 or soluble antagonists/receptors of IL-1β und TNF-α may be promising mediators in the treatment of acute pancreatitis as demonstrated in animal experiments. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm these promising anticytocine therapeutic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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