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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic and endotracheal antibiotic prophylaxis of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU (1992)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 18 (1992), S. S24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis ; Nosocomial pneumonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nosocomial pneumonias, especially in ventilated patients, are a continuing problem in modern medicine. Pathogens most commonly involved with these pneumonias areEnterobacteriaceae, Ps. aeruginosa andS. aureus. Several prevention measures for nosocomial pneumonia are possible such as parenteral and topical antibiotics—a very controversial issue. Several studies with parenteral antibiotics, starting as early as 1954, could not prove any benefit of parenteral antibiotics in pneumonia prevention. Topical antibiotics, starting with polymyxin or gentamicin via the endotracheal tube in the 70s, gave controversial results. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study with gentamicin via the endotracheal tube in ventilated ICU patients we found no significant reduction of pneumonia rate and mortality. However, the combined, approach (SDD) of oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal and parenteral use of certain antibiotics appears to give promising results in specific patient subgroups such as ventilated polytrauma patients in ICU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01752973
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia as a Complication of Immunosuppressive Therapy (2000)
    Springer
    Infection 28 (2000), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key Words Immunodeficiency ; Opportunistic infection ; CD4 ; T-helper cells ; Pneumocystis carinii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents may develop opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). This indicates a severe T-cell defect, but so far there are no established criteria for identifying patients at risk. Patients and Methods: CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were determined by flow cytometry in seven HIV-negative patients who developed PCP as a complication of immunosuppressive treatment. Results: CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (T-helper phenotype) were less than 200/μl in all seven patients (mean 90.6/μl). The markedly reduced CD4 counts measured in these patients are similar to those observed in organ transplant recipients who developed PCP during immunosuppressive therapy for prevention of graft rejection and in HIV-positive patients with PCP as an AIDS-defining illness. Conclusion: Measuring CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts may be helpful in determining the risk of PCP not only in HIV-positive patients, but also in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The risk of acqiring PCP seems to increase when CD4+ lymphocyte counts drop below 200/μl, regardless of the underlying disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s150100070041
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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