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Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders (1998)

Sun, Albert Y. ; Chen, Yong-Mei

Springer

Journal of biomedical science 5 (1998), S. 401-414

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ISSN: 1423-0127

Keywords: Oxidative stress ; Reactive oxygen species ; Excitotoxicity ; Hydroxyl radical ; Peroxynitrite ; Antioxidants ; Polyphenols ; Neurodegenerative disorders ; Apoptosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Oxidative insults, whether over-excitation, excessive release of glutamate or ATP caused by stroke, ischemia or inflammation, exposure to ionizing radiation, heavy-metal ions or oxidized lipoproteins may initiate various signaling cascades leading to apoptotic cell death and neurodegenerative disorders. Among the various reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the living organism, hydroxyl and peroxynitrite are the most potent and can damage proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. It appears that some natural antioxidants (tocopherol, ascorbic acid and glutathione) and defense enzyme systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) may provide some protection against oxidative damage. Recent findings indicate several polyphenols and antioxidant drugs (probucol, seligilline) are effective in protecting the cells from ROS attack. Further development of these antioxidant molecules may be of value in preventing the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02255928

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Rhodopsin-lipid interactions (1973)

Hong, Keelung ; Chen, Yong Shiau ; Hubbell, Wayne L.

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Supramolecular Structure 1 (1973), S. 355-355

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ISSN: 0091-7419

Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Purified, lipid-free rhodopsin has been incorporated into bilayers of natural and synthetic phosphatidyl cholines and a natural digalactosyl diglyceride. Successful incorporation and high regenerability of rhodopsin appears to depend on the nature of the hydrocarbon chains and not specifically on the type of polar head group of the lipids.Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of recombinant membranes containing small amounts of spin labeled phosphatidyl cholines reveals that rhodopsin interacts directly with the hydrocarbon chains of the phospholipids in the bilayer, resulting in a dramatically decreased motional freedom of the chains.In studies of the recombinant membranes using freeze-fracture electron microscopy, the presence of rhodopsin is detected as discrete particles in the plane of fracture. The particle distribution is dependent on the nature of the lipid hydrocarbon chains and whether or not the rhodopsin has been photolyzed.From these studies, it is concluded that the rhodopsin-bilayer structure is stabilized primarily by direct interaction of the hydrocarbon chains with the protein molecule, and that structural parameters in this model system are subject to modulation by visible light.