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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect growth regulating effects of neem extract and azadirachtin on aphids (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphididae ; Azadirachta indica ; azadirachtin ; development ; moulting ; neem ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Neem,Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.), seed oil (NSO) applied to leaf discs at a concentration of 1.0% resulted in 94% to 100% mortality of second instar nymphs of currant-lettuce aphid,Nasonovia ribis-nigri (Mosley), and green peach aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulzer), after nine days. The equivalent amount of pure azadirachtin (AZA) (≈40 ppm), the principle active ingredient of neem, was as effective as NSO. The survival of adult aphids was unaffected by NSO or AZA, but the survival of offspring from treated adultM. persicae andN. ribis-nigri was reduced significantly. The lethal concentration of AZA resulting in 50% mortality of second instar nymphs of nine species of aphids ranged from 2.4 ppm forM. persicae on pepper to 635.0 ppm for the strawberry aphid,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), on strawberry. ForM. persicae, the growth regulating effect of AZA was influenced by the host plant and the nymphal instar treated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382417
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breeding systems and hybridization inPetrorhagia sect.Kohlrauschia (Caryophyllaceae) (1981)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1981), S. 77-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Caryophyllaceae ; Petrorhagia prolifera ; P. velutina ; P. glumacea ; P. nantueuilii ; Floral morphology ; breeding systems ; hybridization ; reproductive isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the diploid speciesP. prolifera, the evolution of autogamy has resulted in the presence of distinct selfing and outcrossing races. The change in breeding system toward autogamy is associated with a reduction in the size of floral features and a lower pollen production. The outbreeding populations have only been found in Greece, while the selfing populations have colonized much of Europe. The two races appear to be reproductively isolated from one another. —Petrorhagia sect.Kohlrauschia contains four species.P. glumacea is outbreeding and shows unilateral incompatibility with the small-flowered race ofP. prolifera and interfertility with the large-flowered race; althoughP. glumacea is sympatric with the large-flowered race, they do not appear to hybridize in the wild. Amongst the allopatric species, internal breeding barriers are also found. These may take the form of hybrid sterility or seed incompatibility.P. velutina is autogamous and reproductively isolated from all the other species of the section regardless of whether they are sympatric or allopatric. It is suggested that the evolution of autogamy has been an important factor in the spread ofP. velutina, the tetraploidP. nanteuilii, and the small-flowered race ofP. prolifera in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983923
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome studies in species and hybrids ofPetrorhagia sect.Kohlrauschia (Caryophyllaceae) (1983)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 141 (1983), S. 243-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Caryophyllaceae ; Petrorhagia prolifera ; P. velutina ; P. glumacea ; P. nanteuilii ; Chromosome numbers ; karyotype ; meiotic behaviour ; polyploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytogenetic investigations have been made in the fourPetrorhagia species and hybrids of the sectionKohlrauschia. The three diploid species show close similarities in chromosome number, size and morphology, with the exception ofP. velutina, where one pair of metacentric chromosomes is represented by a pair of telocentrics. Meiotic studies in hybrids indicate close genomic homology between the diploid species and also between the two floral forms ofP. prolifera. The tetraploidP. nanteuilii behaves as an allotetraploid forming only bivalents at meiosis and results suggest thatP. velutina andP. prolifera are the diploid progenitors of this species. Since meiosis in diploid and triploid hybrids results in extensive intergenomic pairing it is concluded that the natural tetraploid has a bivalent promoting mechanism that prevents pairing between the genomes of its diploid progenitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant activity of extracts from neem,Azadirachta indica, to strawberry aphid,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1761-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Antifeedant ; Chaetosiphon fragaefolii ; aphids ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; azadirachtin ; Azadirachta indica ; deterrent ; neem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Leaf disk choice test bioassays demonstrated that formulated neem seed oil (NSO) was equally deterrent to first- and third-instar nymphs and adult strawberry aphids,Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell). Concentrations of NSO resulting in 50% feeding deterrence were approximately 1.1% for this species. The rapid disruption of aphid feeding (〈1 hr) was not related to the presence of the limonoid azadirachtin, and deterrence likely results from the combined activity of several compounds. Activity toC. fragaefolii disappeared within 12–24 hr following application to strawberry in the greenhouse. NSO was deterrent to only half of the six aphid species tested. The antifeedant properties of neem do not appear to contribute significantly to the control of aphids and the viruses they transmit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982306
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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