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  • Chemical Engineering  (56)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3)
  • Apnea  (2)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and secretion of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) by isolated normal and rd mouse retinal photoreceptor neurons in culture (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 141 (1989), S. 682-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultures of dissociated retinal neurons and photoreceptors from homozygous wild-type, heterozygous rd/+ and homozygous rd/rd retinas have been used to investigate the capacity of isolated photoreceptor cells to synthesize and secrete the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). Retinal cells were dissociated on postnatal day 2 and grown in chemically defined medium in the absence of glial and pigmented epithelial cells. Expression of IRBP immunoreactive materials in these cultures was cell type-specific and developmentally regulated. Thus increasing numbers of rod photoreceptor cells showed immunoreactivity during the first week in culture, whereas nonphotoreceptor cell types remained consistently negative. Photoreceptor immunoreactivity could be detected in permeated (detergent-treated) as well as in unpermeated preparations, the latter suggesting that some IRBP is associated with the photoreceptor cell surface. These materials appeared to be loosely bound to the photoreceptors, since they disappeared when the cultures were exposed for 6 hr to IRBP-free medium but not when they were exposed to IRBP-containing medium. IRBP synthesis and secretion could be demonstrated by analyzing either cell extracts or conditioned medium by “slot blot” and Western blot techniques using affinity purified antibodies against bovine IRBP as well as by fluorographic analysis after metabolic labeling of the cultures with 35S-methionine. Comparisons of cultures from the different genotypes showed many similarities, including the abundance of IRBP-immunoreactive photoreceptors in 7 day cultures. However, immunochemical analysis showed lower conditioned medium/cell extract IRBP ratios in rd/rd cultures, an observation consistent with previous reports suggesting that IRBP secretion may be deficient in rd/rd photoreceptor cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041410329
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process control of profile extrusion using thermal method. Part II: Closed loop control (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 708-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The analytical flow model developed in Part I was applied to the online control of profile extrusion. A rubberized polystyrene was extruded through a simple L-shaped profile die with one thin section and one thick section. Take-up speed was used to control the size of the extrudate, and die temperature was used to control the shape of the extrudate. Two different control algorithms, a dual single-loop feedback PI controller and a multivariable feedforward plus feedback control method (FFC), were carried out for set point changes of the extrudate shape and size, and load disturbances of screw speed. Results showed that the PI feedback controller was satisfactory for long-term set point changes but not for load changes. The FFC worked well for load disturbances lower than 10 cycles/min. Owing to the slow dynamic response of die temperature, the shape loop can only be controlled for long-term disturbances.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281103
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction injection molding of polyureas I. Kinetics study (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 955-963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summarized in this paper are the experimental results and mathematical modeling of processing of polyureas. The experimental part includes the applications of solution polymerization to study the reaction kinetics of polyureas. The theoretical part includes a kinetic and heat transfer model that can apply solution polymerization data to predict the bulk polymerization of polyurea in the reaction injection molding process.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281504
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress development in plastic sheet extrusion (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 731-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of flow-induced stresses in extruded sheet made of polypropylene was analyzed. A theoretical model was developed to simulate velocity, temperature, and stress profiles for polymeric materials flowing inside a slit die. The output of this simulation was then used to compute temperature and stress profiles as the extrudate emerged from the die, cooled, and relaxed under no draw conditions. Simulated surface stresses and stress profile across the extruded sheet agreed well with the experimental data for the die temperature effect and the die gap effect at low draw ratios.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291106
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of thermoplastic additives on the cure of unsaturated polyester resins (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1450-1460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermoplastic additives tend to promote the phase separation during the reaction of unsaturated polyester resins. Consequently, they reduce the amount of shrinkage during curing. Several thermoplastic additives which resulted in significant different microstructure of cured resins were investigated. The effects of microstr acture formation on the sol-gel transition, reaction kinetics, and gelation time were studied. The mechanism of microstructure formation and causes of macro-gelation were explained by the influence of thermoplastic additives on the particle formation rate and inter-particle reaction rate during curing.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760312003
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction-induced phase separation during the formation of a polyurethane-unsaturated polyester interpenetrating polymer network (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1239-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this study, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based on a polyurethane (PU) and a partially end-capped unsaturated polyester (UPE) was prepared. The reaction-induced phase separation process of the IPN was studied using a phase contrast optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), while reaction kinetics and onset of gelation were determined by a differential scanning calorimeter and a rheometer respectively. Except at low temperatures, the phase separation patterns were found to follow the spinodal decomposition mechanism. An interconnected phase developed quickly and was followed by coalescence of the periodic phase to form droplet/matrix type of morphology. A second level of phase separation also occurred within both the droplet and the matrix phases in some cases. The domain sizes resulting from both levels of phase separation gradually increased until the structure was locked by chemical gelation. Reaction temperature, PU reaction rate, and UPE reaction rate all had significant effects on the final morphology of the formed IPNs.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760341603
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilatometric study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 823-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An in-house-built and designed dilatometer was applied to the study of low profile unsaturated polyester resins. This article first describes the dilatometer used including its calibration then its application to low profile unsaturated polyester resins. Several series of dilatometry experiments were performed, to study the effect of low profile additive concentration and cure temperature on shrinkage control. Scanning electron micro-graphs of the samples were also prepared to show the correlation between shrinkage control and polymer morphology.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351005
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of volumetric changes of unsaturated polyester resins during curing (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 852-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two models were proposed to predict the volume changes that occur during the cure of unsaturated polyester resin/styrene systems. These models are able to account for both thermal expansions/contractions and polymerization shrinkage during processing. One model, which is based on coversion, was developed by combining experimental results from differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry. The second model is based on radical concentration, and was developed using results from electron spin resonance spectroscopy and dilatometry. Predictions obtained from both models were compared with experimental results and reasonable agreement was obtained.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351007
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of polyurethane-unsaturated polyester interpenetrating polymer networks (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 976-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on a polyurethane (PU) and two unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins (a commercially available UPE and a partially endcapped UPE) were prepared. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, impact strength, and dynamic mechnical properties of IPNs, were studied by changing reaction temperature, PU reaction rate, and UPE reaction rate. Owing to the unique microgel formaton of UPE, the first formed network tends t be the dispersed phase in the PU-UPE IPN system. The reaction sequence was found to be an important factor in determining the phase mixing and phase morphology of the IPNs. When the PU reaction was faster, extensive phase mixing due to strong grafting or chain interpenetration was obtained. When the UPE reacted first, grafting was retarded by the microgel formation of the UPE network. It was found that simultaneous reaction of the two reacting system resulted in a co-continuous structure that provided enhanced tensile properties and impact strength.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351204
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of molecular orientation and internal stresses in extruded plastic sheets (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of molecular orientation and internal stresses in extruded sheet made of polypropylene was analyzed, and their correlations to operating conditions such as draw ratio, cooling rate, die temperature, melt temperature, and die gap opening were studied. Measurements of attenuated-total-reflectance infrared dichroic ratio for the surface molecular orientation, birefringence for the orientation stress distribution in the thickness direction, and free shrinkage ratio for the overall frozen-in stresses were carried out to determine the amount of orientation stresses in the extruded samples. As expected, the overall orientation stress depends strongly on draw ratio, while higher melt temperature reduces the overall orientation. It was found that faster cooling rates and lower die temperatures cause surface orientation stresses to increase as the core orientation stresses remain almost unchanged.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290303
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