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  • Chemistry  (4)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Apoptosis  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency of apoptosis relates inversely to invasiveness and metastatic activity in human colorectal cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 431 (1997), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Colorectal cancer ; Apoptosis ; Cell differentiation ; Tumour invasiveness ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The frequency of apoptosis was determined in 102 cases of human colorectal cancer. The results were correlated with the frequency of cell proliferation and with clinicopathological characteristics such as degree of differentiation, invasiveness and metastasis. As a marker of apoptosis, intranuclear DNA strand breaks were localized with in situ nick translation (ISNT). As a marker of proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was localized immunohistochemically. The numbers of nuclei positive with ISNT and for PCNA per 1,000 nuclei on tissue sections were obtained. The labelling indices were compared with clinicopathological characteristics for each tumour. The ISNT labelling index of well differentiated colon carcinomas was higher than that of poorly differentiated carcinomas. Among similarly differetiated cancers, ISNT L.I. of colon carcinomas classified as Dukes A was higher than Dukes B/C, and L.I. of carcinomas which did not metastasize to lymph node or liver was higher than that of carcinomas which metastasized. The PCNA labelling index did not correlate with any of the clinicopathological characteristics or with the ISNT labelling index. The data suggest that apoptosis indices severe as a marker of tumour progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction of Peak Shift and Classification of Change of X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of Oxides as a Result of Ion Sputtering (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 18 (1992), S. 799-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Round-robin experiments have been performed to correct binding energy shifts of XPS spectra for oxides by charge-up which results from irradiation of x-rays or ion sputtering and to determine criteria for the change of chemical state resulting from Ar ion sputtering. Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, TiO2 and NiO, in plate and powder form, were used for the experiments. We have revealed that the binding energy difference between the Al 2p (Si 2p or Mg 1s) line and the O 1s line gives a better correction for the measurements of Al2O3 (SiO2 or MgO) than that between the Al 2p (Si 2p and Mg 1s) line and the C 1s line. After Ar ion sputtering, TiO2 and NiO are reduced and new components appear in the XPS spectra. For Al2O3 and SiO2, the damage is induced by sputtering and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of XPS spectra increase, while MgO is unchanged. We have shown that the changes of oxides caused by ion sputtering depend on the change of free formation enthalpy and ionicity. We have also shown that both plate and powder samples are useful as standards to determine the binding energy from XPS spectra.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740181204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of ion sputtering yields for depth profile analyses (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 18 (1992), S. 594-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results are reported of the second phase of joint research on ion sputtering that was conducted by the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. Various effects on sputtering yields were studied in detail, and the yields for Ni and Zn were determined by analysing the depth profile of electrodeposited steel sheets with an Auger electorn spectrometer, Ar+ ions were used as the bombarding species, and a Faraday cup, which was fitted with a front plate incorporating a small hole in the centre for the ions to pass through, was used to measure the electric current of the incident ions. To calculate the ion current density, a correction for the effective transmittance efficiency of the hole was made according to its cross-sectional shape. The sputtering yields determined in several laboratories by using this correction agreed with each other better than those obtained in the first phase of the work. The angular dependence and energy dependence of the sputtering yields for Ni and Zn were measured.A standard procedure is proposed for the measurement of ion sputtering yields to analyse depth profiles, including methods to measure the ion current, to calculate the current density, to optimize the sample position and to tune lenses of the ion gun.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740180805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged lifetime of electrochromism of amorphous WO3-TiO2 thin films (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 464-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The lifetime of the electrochromism of the WO3-TiO2 films prepared by vacuum evaporation is found to exceed that of WO3 films by a factor of five. X-ray diffraction has revealed that the crystal structure of WO3-TiO2 films stays amorphous, while crystalline compounds are formed in amorphous WO3 films after colouring and bleaching. WO3-TiO2 films stay amorphous after they are annealed at 400°C, although WO3 films crystallize. SIMS and XPS analyses have revealed that half the amount of lithium injected during a colouring cycle is stored as O—Li bonds in the bleached film. In WO3-TiO2 films the number of bonds such as W—OH and W=O in which lithium ions accumulate is reduced. We conclude that the lifetime of the electrochromism is prolonged for amorphous WO3-TiO2 films, because lithium does not accumulate and the WO3-TiO2 films stay amorphous.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190187
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Products and mechanism for the OH radical initiated oxidation of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and allylcyanide in the presence of NO (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 16 (1984), S. 1385-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photooxidation of acrylonitrile, methacylonitrile, and allylcyanide in the presence of NO was studied in parts per million concentration using the long-path Fourier transform IR spectroscopic method. The stoichiometry of the OH radical initiated oxidation of methacrylonitrile was established as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left( {{\rm OH}} \right) + {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} = {\rm C}\left( {{\rm CH}_{\rm 3} } \right){\rm CN + 2NO + 2O}_{\rm 2} \mathop {\hbox to 20pt{\rightarrowfill}}\limits^{1.0} {\rm HCHO + CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm COCN + 2NO}_{{\rm 2}} + \left( {{\rm OH}} \right) $\end{document}. The yield of HCHO for acrylonitrile and allylcyanide was found to be ca. 100 and 80%, and the stoichiometric reactions were assessed to proceed, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left( {{\rm OH}} \right) + {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} = {\rm CHCN + 2NO + 2O}_{\rm 2} \mathop {\hbox to 20pt{\rightarrowfill}}\limits^{1.0} {\rm HCHO + HCOCN + 2NO}_{\rm 2} + \left( {{\rm OH}} \right) $\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left( {{\rm OH}} \right) + {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} = {\rm CHCH}_{\rm 2} {\rm CN + 2NO + 2O}_{\rm 2} \mathop {\hbox to 20pt{\rightarrowfill}}\limits^{0.8} {\rm HCHO + HCOCH}{\rm 2} {\rm CN + 2NO}_{\rm 2} + \left( {{\rm OH}} \right) $\end{document}, respectively. These results revealed that the reaction mechanism for these unsaturated organic cyanides are analogous to that of olefins.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550161110
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