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  • Chemistry  (3)
  • Apoptosis Cell volume Cerebellar granule neurons Osmolyte efflux Osmoregulation Sodium Taurine  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of taurine in apoptotic cerebellar granule neurons in culture (2000)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 439 (2000), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Apoptosis Cell volume Cerebellar granule neurons Osmolyte efflux Osmoregulation Sodium Taurine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cell shrinkage is a distinctive feature of apoptotic death, but the mechanisms leading to cell volume loss are unclear at present. Activation of pathways extruding intracellular osmolytes such as K+, Cl– and organic molecules may be part of these mechanisms. This was examined in the present work measuring the release of taurine, γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in cerebellar granule neurons cultured in conditions resulting in apoptotic death after 4–7 days in vitro (DIV). The basal release of [3H]taurine from cells started to increase (38%) after 3 DIV and reached a maximal enhancement (250%) at 5 DIV. The increase in taurine efflux closely followed the occurrence of apoptotic death markers such as caspase induction and chromatin condensation. The efflux of glutamate (traced as d-aspartate) and [3H]GABA also increased but notably less than that of taurine (90% and 75%, respectively) at 5 DIV. Taurine release associated with apoptosis was unaffected by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene 2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB), blockers of the diffusive pathway activated during cell volume regulation in hyposmotic conditions. Taurine efflux was increased in Cl–-free (replaced by gluconate) and decreased in Na+-free media. Blockers of the energy-dependent glutamate and taurine carriers, dihydrokainate and guanidinoethane sulfonate, respectively, did not affect the release associated with apoptosis. These results implicate taurine in the mechanism of cell shrinkage during apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004249900168
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Device processing using the trilevel technique (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1097-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three front runners for the next generation of devices for fine line lithography are photo, electron, and X-ray lithography. Each of these techniques has both advantages and disadvantages when considered for direct wafer processing. This paper discusses the problems encountered using each of these techniques and how a trilevel technique can be applied to make each of these techniques more viable.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760201612
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of tricalcium phosphate or electrical stimulation to enhance the bone-porous implant interface (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20 (1986), S. 65-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Implant stabilization by biologic ingrowth into a porous surface offers a durable method of prosthetic fixation. These systems, however, lack the immediate stability offered by the use of acrylic bone cement. The interface strength of porous coated Co—Cr—Mo in a canine model does not approach that of acrylic bone cement until two weeks postoperatively. It is expected that this would be a minimum time period in clinical applications. Both chemical and electrical means have been advocated as methods to affect tissue ingrowth. A study using a canine model was undertaken to determine tissue ingrowth rates utilizing examples of these two methods: (1) impregnation of the porous structures with tricalcium phosphate powder (TCP); or (2) the application of an electrical stimulator to the implant with the implant itself serving as the cathode. Ten implants were coated with TCP, two each at weekly intervals from 1 to 5 weeks. Plain porous rods were likewise implanted, serving as the controls. While histology did reveal a slightly more dense bony structure, the interface bond strength was not affected by TCP. Electrical stimulation of the implant was similarly investigated with an additional time period of 10 weeks. Compared to the controls, the electrically stimulated implants reveal no statistically demonstratable difference in interface strength. Histologic specimens indicate larger areas of calcification than are observed in the controls.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820200107
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of stain on acrylic surfaces by the interaction of cationic antiseptic mouthwashes and tea (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 18 (1984), S. 631-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Clinical and in vitro studies have implicated dietary components as major aetiological factors in staining of teeth and acrylic materials associated with chlorhexidine use, a local side effect not unique to this antiseptic. These experiments studied the precipitation and surface staining reactions of the cationic antiseptics alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine, and hexetidine, with the beverage tea. All of the antiseptics precipitated a standard tea solution and for alexidine and chlorhexidine acetate and gluconate, this was at concentrations 〉100 μmol/L, for hexetidine 〉200 μmol/L, and for CPC 〉400 μmol/L. With the exception of CPC precipitation was reduced with decreasing pH and for chlorhexidine was inhibited below pH 3. The addition of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to the antiseptic solutions increased the precipitation concentrations by an amount calculated to be adsorbed by polymer. Acrylic blocks treated with equimolar solutions of the antiseptics became progressively and significantly more stained by tea than control specimens over a 5-day period. Alexidine induced significantly greater staining and hexetidine significantly less than the other antiseptics. Staining was pH dependent and significantly reduced as the pH decreased. Both stain and precipitates were insoluble in strong acids and alkalis. It is concluded that staining observed clinically may represent a precipitation reaction with the complexing of antiseptics with dietary chromogenic material.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820180605
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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