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  • Chemistry  (4)
  • in vivo voltammetry  (2)
  • Artefakte  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Serotonin ; in vivo voltammetry ; cytokine ; interferon-γ ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the serotoninergic transmission in the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) were studied after peripheral and central application. The studies were performed in the freely moving rat using differential pulse voltammetry with multicarbon fibre electrodes to study the extracellular levels of the serotonin (5-HT) metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The extracellular 5-HIAA levels were not changed in the NRD after peripheral application of rat recombinant IFN-γ, but elevated by the cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. After intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) application the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α stimulated the serotoninergic transmission in the NRD. Our data suggest that the effect of peripherally elevated cytokine concentrations on the serotonin metabolism in the NRD of the rat is cytokine-dependent. In this respect the T-cell and NK-cell cytokine IFN-γ acts clearly different when compared to the mainly macrophage-derived cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and plays a different role in the communication between immune and central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: N. raphe dorsalis ; Locus coeruleus ; in vivo voltammetry ; serotonin ; norepinephrine ; rat ; receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vivo voltammetry with carbon fibre electrodes was used to study the effect of the serotoninergic (5-HT) neuronal system on the noradrenergic (NE) system in the Locus coeruleus of the rat. The voltammetric DOPAC signal in the Locus coeruleus, used as a measure of NE neuronal activity, was increased after systemic application of the 5-HT1B agonist CGS-12066B, the 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin, and, to a lesser extent, by ipsapirone, a 5-HT1A agonist. The findings suggest that the NE neuronal system of the Locus coeruleus is stimulated by 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor activation and inhibited by 5-HT2 receptors. Likewise the 5-HT releaser and uptake inhibitor fenfluramine increased the DOPAC level in the Locus coeruleus. In contrast to the 5-HT1 agonists, which reduced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the Nucleus raphe dorsalis, ritanserin increased the 5-HIAA signal in this nucleus. This finding could help to explain the action of ritanserin as sleep-modulating substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 322-329 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Ultrasound • Achilles tendon • Diagnosis • Pitfalls ; Schlüsselwörter Ultraschall ; Achillessehnenruptur ; Diagnostik ; Fehlerquellen ; Artefakte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Grenzen und mögliche Fehlerquellen der Sonographie in der Diagnostik von frischen Achillessehnenverletzungen darzustellen. Als Grundlage hierfür dienen die Untersuchungsbefunde an 32 Patienten mit frischen traumatischen Achillessehnenrupturen und 40 Patienten mit Achillodynien. Im Gegensatz zur frischen traumatischen Ruptur kann bei Verletzungen vorgeschädigter Sehnen, Rerupturen und Komplikationen in der postoperativen Phase die sonographische Diagnostik durch Artefakte, hervorgerufen durch Verkalkungen, Narben, Ödem, Hämatom und Nahtmaterial erschwert sein. Verdickung und Aufquellung der Sehne durch Hämatom und Ödem müssen in der Beurteilung der Echogenität und des Sonomusters der Sehne ebenso berücksichtigt werden wie die fehlende orthograde Anschallung bei frischer Ruptur, bei spindelförmiger Verdickung, bei Achillodynie und nach konservativer und operativer Versorgung. Mit hochfrequenten (10 MHz und mehr) Schallköpfen kann durch entsprechendes Kippen der Sonde auch der Ansatzbereich der Sehne und eine Pathologie der Bursa subachillea sicher dargestellt werden. Bei entsprechender apparativer Voraussetzung und Erfahrung des Untersuchers gilt die Sonographie als Methode der ersten Wahl in der Abklärung akuter und chronischer Achillessehnenbeschwerden. Bei komplizierten Sehnenverhältnissen und unklarem Sonobefund kann die dynamische, seitenvergleichende Untersuchung vielfach als einziges Kriterium in der Diagnostik einer Ruptur herangezogen werden.
    Notes: Summary Method: In an experimental study on ten isolated human cadaver tendons, the ultrasound anatomy and the reproducibility of aretefacts was determined using 10- and 13-MHz probes. With these in vitro data, the form and diameter of a non-injured tendon were documented in a series of 30 patients between 3 and 60 years old. In a second series of 32 patients with acute, traumatic ruptures of the Achilles tendon and 40 patients with chronic disorders, we distinguished the pathological anatomy. Results: Injuries to a tendon with chronic disorders, reruptures and complications in the postoperative period after tendon repair can be made more difficult by calcification, scars, oedema, haematoma and suture materials. It is necessary to check the changing ultrasound patterns owing to an haematoma or oedema with tendon corpulence, the missing linear signals in a fresh rupture and the different signals after operative or non-operative treatment. Conclusion: Using high-frequency probes with 10 or more MHz, it is possible to examine even the insertion area of the tendon or the pathology of a subachilleal bursa by tilting the probe. The dynamic examination and the comparison with the contralateral side in two planes should be included in a standardized examination procedure and are of great importance in some cases of fresh tendon ruptures. Knowledge of the physical principles and the possibility of misleading artefacts is crucial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 1551-1556 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A bisphenol-A derivative of dibenz[b,f]azepine (DBA-Bisphenol-DBA) was synthesized and characterized. Sensitized photopolymerization of the DBA-Bisphenol-DBA was studied in detail. The usefulness of N-acyldibenz[b,f]azepine groupings in promoting photochemically induced linking of the related molecules is further demonstrated by block copolymerization of DBA-Bisphenol-DBA and polystyrene having terminal dibenz[b,f]azepine substituents. Those reactions arise through benzophenone-sensitized photocyclodimerization of the central double bond of the dibenz[b,f]azepine moieties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 15 (1994), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 500-502 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 19 (1981), S. 239-247 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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