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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive ability is linked to rates of water extraction (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Artemisia ; Competition ; Competitive ability ; Water depletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relative competitive abilities of Agropyron desertorum and Agropyron spicatum under rangeland conditions were compared using Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis transplants as indicator plants. We found A. desertorum to have substantially greater competitive ability than A. spicatum as manifested by the responses of Artemisia shrubs that were transplanted into nearly monospecific stands of these grass species. The Artemisia indicator plants had lower survival, growth, reproduction, and late-season water potential in the neighborhoods dominated by A. desertorum than in those dominated by A. spicatum. In similar, essentially monospecific grass stands, neutron probe soil moisture measurements showed that stands of A. desertorum extracted water more rapidly from the soil profile than did those of A. spicatum. These differences in extraction rates correlate clearly with the differences in indicator plant success in the respective grass stands. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Artemisia tissues suggested these nutrients were not limiting indicator plant growth and survival in the A. desertorum plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic lift: water efflux from upper roots improves effectiveness of water uptake by deep roots (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Roots ; Aridland plants ; Transpiration ; Plant water relations ; Artemisia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Deuterated water absorbed by deep roots of Artemisia tridentata appeared in the stem water of neighboring Agropyron desertorum tussocks. This supports the hypothesis that water absorbed by deep roots in moist soil moves through the roots, is released in the upper soil profile at night, and is stored there until it is resorbed by roots the following day. This phenomenon is termed hydraulic lift. The potential for parasitism of the water stored in the upper soil layers by neighboring plant roots is also shown. The effectiveness of water absorption by deep roots was substantially improved with hydraulic lift as indicated by reductions of 25 to 50% in transpiration on days following experimental circumvention of hydraulic lift. This phenomenon has important implications for plant water relations, mineral nutrient uptake, competitive interactions among neighboring plants and aridland hydrology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of successful competitors: an evaluation of potential growth rate in two cold desert tussock grasses (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Artemisia ; Relative growth rate ; Competition ; Tussock grass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Within the first few weeks after seedling emergence, Agropyron desertorum, a more competitive tussock grass, had a much higher mean relative growth rate (RGR) than Agropyron spicatum, a very similar, but less competitive species. However, beyond the early seedling stage, the two grasses had a remarkably similar whole-plant RGR in hydroponic culture and aboveground RGR in glasshouse soil, if root temperatures were above approximately 12°C. At soil temperatures between 5 and 12°C, A. desertorum exhibited a 66% greater aboveground RGR than A. spicatum (P〈0.05). Both species responded similarly to warming soil temperatures. In the field, however, tiller growth rates were generally similar. Neither species showed marked tiller elongation until a couple of weeks after snowmelt, by which time soil temperatures, at least to a depth of 10 cm, were above 12°C for a significant portion of the day. Aboveground biomass accumulation over a three-year period indicated that both grasses had similar potential growth rates whereas Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, a common neighbor planted in the same plots, had a much greater potential growth rate. The greater competitive ability of adult A. desertorum, as compared to A. spicatum, cannot be attributed to appreciable differences in potential growth rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377281
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The timing and degree of root proliferation in fertile-soil microsites for three cold-desert perennials (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Artemisia ; Belowground competition ; Pseudoroegneria ; Root proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Root proliferation in nutrient-rich soil patches is an important mechanism facilitating nutrient capture by plants. Although the phenomenon of root proliferation is well documented, the specific timing of this proliferation has not been investigated. We studied the timing and degree of root proliferation for three perennial species common to the Great Basin region of North America: a shrub, Artemisia tridentata, a native tussock grass, Agropyron spicatum, and an introduced tussock grass, Agropyron desertorum. One day after we applied nutrient solution to small soil patches, the mean relative growth rate of Agropyron desertorum roots in these soil patches was two to four times greater than for roots of the same plants in soil patches reated with distilled water. Most of the increased root growth came from thin, laterally branching roots within the patches. This rapid and striking root proliferation by Agropyron desertorum occurred in response to N-P-K enrichment as well as to P or N enrichment alone. A less competitive bunchgrass, Agrophyron spicatum, showed no tendency to proliferate roots in enriched soil patches during these two-week experiments. The shrub Artemisia tridentata proliferated roots within one day of initial solution injection in the N-enrichment experiment, but root proliferation of this species was more gradual and less consistent in the N-P-K and P-enrichment experiments, respectively. The ability of Agropyron desertorum to proliferate roots rapidly may partly explain both its general competitive success and its superior ability to exploit soil nutrients compared to Agropyron spicatum in Great Basin rangelands of North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379798
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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