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  • Chemistry  (6)
  • Tissue temperature  (2)
  • Articular cartilage  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of chondroitin sulphate composition of femoral head articular cartilage from patients with femoral neck fractures and osteoarthritis and controls (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 14 (1995), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis ; Femoral neck fractures ; Osteoporosis ; Glycosaminoglycan composition ; Articular cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and uronic acid (UA) composition of human hip articular cartilage from patients with femoral neck fractures [assumed osteoporosis (OP); n=12], from patients with osteoarthritis (OA; n=12) and from normal controls (n=9) was determined. Full depth tissue samples from the control and OP groups were analysed from the superior, inferior, anterior and posterior regions, while the OA tissue was from cystic (tissue growing on top of cystic bone lesions) and osteophytic regions, from normal and fibrillated resident cartilage and from regions immediately adjacent to eburnated bone. The total sulphated GAG and UA content was reduced in the inferior region of control cartilage compared to the other regions and the values of all regions of the assumed OP group. Cystic regions and OA cartilage adjacent to the bone also showed lower GAG and UA levels than the other regions. The ratios of chondroitin 6-sulphate (C6S) to chondroitin 4-sulphate (C4S) indicated a similar pattern in the different regions of controls and the patient group with femoral neck fractures (OP group). The cystic and osteophytic cartilage of the OA group exhibited lower C6S/C4S ratios than any other region. The levels of dermatan sulphate (DS) in the cartilage of all regions of the OP and control groups were very similar and low, while the tissues of the OA group contained significantly higher amounts, particularly the cartilage from osteophytes. The previously presumed compositional similarity between normal aged and osteoporotic articular hip cartilage was essentially confirmed in a comparative analysis. Significant changes in GAG and UA composition of OA cartilage from distinct regions was also recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262089
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forearm temperature profile during the transient phase of thermal stress (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Cold stress ; Cooling rate ; Intramuscular temperature ; Tissue temperature ; Transient response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The transient temperature response of the resting human forearm immersed in water at temperatures (T w) ranging from 15 to 36°C was investigated. Tissue temperature (T t) was continuously monitored by a calibrated multicouple probe during the 3-h immersions.T t was measured every 5 mm, from the longitudinal axis of the forearm to the skin surface. Skin temperature, rectal temperature, and blood flow ( $$\dot Q$$ ) were also measured during the immersions. The maximum rate of change of the forearm mean tissue temperature ( $$\dot T_{{\text{t, max}}}$$ ) occurred during the first 5 min of the immersion. $$\dot T_{{\text{t, max}}}$$ was linearly dependent onT w (P〈0.001), with mean values (SEM) ranging from −0.8 (0.1) °C · min−1 at 15°C to 0.2 (0.1) °C · min−1 at 36°C. The maximum rate of change of compartment mean temperature was dependent (P〈0.001) on the radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the forearm. The half-time for thermal steady state of the forearm mean tissue temperature was linearly dependent onT w between 30 and 36°C (P〈0.01), with mean values (SEM) ranging from 15.6 (0.6) min at 30°C to 9.7 (1.2) min at 36°C and not different between 15 and 30°C, averaging 16.2 (0.6) min. There was a significant linear relationship between the half-time for thermal steady-state of the compartment mean temperature and the radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the forearm for each value ofT w tested (P〈0.001). The data of the present study suggest that the forearm $$\dot Q$$ is an important determinant of the transient thermal response of the forearm tissue during thermal stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625057
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic intramuscular temperature fluctuations in the human forearm during cold-water immersion (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 63 (1991), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Cold-induced vasodilatation ; Cold stress ; Tissue heat loss ; Tissue temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intramuscular temperature fluctuations in the human forearm immersed in water at 15°C. Tissue temperature (T t) was continuously monitored by a calibrated multi-couple probe during 3 h immersion of the forearm. The probe was implanted approximately 90 mm distal from the olecranon process along the ulnar ridge. T t was measured every 5 mm, from the longitudinal axis of the forearm (determined from computed tomography scanning) to the skin surface. Along with T t, rectal temperature, skin temperature and heat loss of the forearm were measured during the immersions. Five of the six subjects tested showed evidence of cyclic temperature fluctuations in the forearm limited to the muscle tissue. The first increase of the muscle temperature was observed 75 (SE 6) min after the onset of the immersion, and the duration of the cycle averaged 36 (SE 3) min. The maximum increase of the muscle temperature, which ranged between 0.4°C and 1.0°C, was measured at the axis of the forearm, and was inversely correlated to the circumference of the subject's forearm (P〈 0.05). No corresponding increases of the skin temperature and heat loss of the forearm were observed for the complete duration of the immersion. These data support the hypothesis of a significant contribution of the muscle vessels during cold-induced vasodilatation in the forearm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233846
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikromechanisches stochastisches Versagensmodell uniaxial faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoffe (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 22 (1991), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Micromechanical stochastic failure model of uniaxial fibre-reinforced compositesA theoretical model of stress transfer between a transversal isotropic fibre and the surrounding matrix material in a uniaxially fibre-reinforced composite near a single matrix flaw is discussed including friction controlled fibre-matrix interface debonding. The rise of fracture toughness due to frictional fibre sliding is studied accounting for Weibull strength distribution of fibres. The total dissipative work may be used as figure of merit regarding the damage tolerance. A critical evaluation is presented concerning some previous models of local failure probabilities. Numerical results are demonstrated. Conditions for an optimized C/Al-composite are presented.
    Notes: Es wird ein theoretisches Modell der Lastübertragung zwischen monoklin anisotroper Faser und dem umgebenden Matrixmaterial in uniaxial faserverstärkten verbunden nahe eines Matrixfehlers diskutiert welches eine-reibungsbehaftete Grenzflächenablösung zwischen beiden Materialkomponenten einbezieht. Die Zunahme der Bruchzähigkeit infolge Fasergleiten delaminierter Faserstücke wird untersucht. Dabei wird eine Weibullverteilung der Faserzugfestigkeiten vorausgesetzt. Die gesamte dissipative Arbeit kann als Gütezahl zur Bewertung der Schadenstoleranz verwendet werden. Es erfolgt eine kritische Bewertung von einigen aus der Literatur bekannten Modellansätzen zu lokalen Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten Numerische Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt. Bedingungen für einen optimierten C/Al Verbund werden genannt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19910220202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power requirements of gas-liquid agitated systems (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 262-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Power data for dispersion of air in liquids by means of a six-bladed flat blade turbine are presented in the form of a logarithmic plot of actual power consumed against a function of speed, impeller diameter, gas flow rate, and impeller power characteristics. The data are those of Michel (7), Bimbenet (2), Sachs (12), and Oyama and Endoh (10).Turbines of from 3- to 8-in. diameter were run in tanks of from 6.5- to 18-in. diameter, with the D/T never exceeding 0.47. The fluids tested covered a density range of 0.8 to 1.65 g./ml. and a viscosity range of 0.9 to 100 centipoises.Data are also presented on dispersion of air in a 50% by volume batch of carbon tetrachloride in water and dispersion of air in a suspension of Alundum particles in water, and compared with data on water in a similar system.The qualitative effect of a surface active agent is demonstrated in a comparison of data for a 0.1% by weight mixture of Pluronic L-62 in water with data for pure water with the same apparatus.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690080226
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing in viscous liquids (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 903-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Detailed data are reported for blend time and turnover time with a 17-in. impeller operating in an 18-in. diameter tank. Above 1,500 centipoises, viscosity had no effect on blend time at constant speed. Blend time was inversely proportional to speed.The inner flight of a helical impeller is of value when blending pseudoplastic fluids but has no effect on blend time with Newtonian fluids. The ratio of blend time to turnover time is given, as well as the effect of several different helical impeller geometry variables.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690160608
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxations in thermosets. X. Analysis of dipolar relaxations in DGEBA-based thermosets during isothermal cure (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29 (1991), S. 1127-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric properties measured during isothermal curing of DGEBA-based thermosets using a mixture of aromatic amines as curing agent are analyzed. The evolution of the dielectric features of thermosets during curing and after a time when their dc conductivity has reached a negligibly small value are phenomenologically similar to the dielectric features of physically and chemically stable dipolar liquids and solids observed with increasing frequency or decreasing temperature. This equivalence is a consequence of the invariance of the dynamic behavior of dielectric susceptibility with respect to either the frequency of measurement or the relaxation time of the substance and demonstrates that crosslinking of a thermoset causes its relaxation time to increase monotonically.It is shown that the stretched exponential relaxation function formalism satisfactorily describes the dielectric results and that the value of its distribution parameter initially decreases and, after gelation, reaches a constant value, which we denote γ, in the latter part of the cure. The value of the curing parameter, γ, which lies between 0.2 and 0.4, monotonically decreases with increasing curing temperature and tends to a limiting value characteristic of a thermoset at higher temperatures. This is in contrast with the increase found in the corresponding representation in the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts parameter β with increasing temperature. The curing time dependence of the dipolar relaxation time ι has been determined and found to have the shape of an elongated S, with a well-defined point of inflexion, as ι increases during the cure, from a value characteristic of a liquid to an ultimate value characteristic of a glass.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090290911
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxations in thermosets. IX. Ionic conductivity and gelation of DGEBA-based thermosets cured with pure and mixed amines (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29 (1991), S. 1117-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The results obtained during the isothermal curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A-based thermosets cross-linked with pure diaminodiphenyl methane and pure diaminodiphenyl sulfone and with their mixtures have been analyzed to determine how the dc conductivity changes with time during the conversion of its liquid to a gel. The complex permittivity data are first analyzed to show that ac measurements can be used to obtain the ionic conductivity over a considerable period of the curing process. The procedure allows one to obtain the dc conductivity without having data as a function of frequency. The shape of the complex plane plots of the electrical modulus are semicircles, but with small deviations that appear at long times during the curing process. The dielectric consequences of the chemical changes with time during the cross-linking of the thermoset are analogous to the frequency dependence of the complex permittivity of a liquid. The analysis shows that the dc conductivity σo of a thermoset during its cure follows a power law, σo∝ (tg - t)x, where t is the curing time (t 〈 tg). The results can also be described equally well by a new equation, σo ∝ exp[ - B/(to - t)], where x, tg, B, and to are empirical constants all of which vary with the temperature of the cure. tg is close to the time for gelation known from independent studies and to is close to but longer than the time for vitrification. These conclusions are discussed in terms of scaling concepts for the gelation phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090290910
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß der Tropfengröße auf die Verbrennung von HeizölKurzfassung des Vortrages auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 1. bis 3. Oktober 1968 in Stuttgart. - Die ausführlichen Versuchsergebnisse werden nach Abschluß voraussichtlich Ende 1969 veröffentlicht werden. (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 339-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330410522
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