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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fire technology 23 (1987), S. 5-18 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; computer programs ; expert systems ; firesafety ; fire hazards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The Center for Fire Research (CFR) has a long-term project to develop expert systems as a technology transfer mechanism. The goal of this project is to develop a computer program which will make an expert estimate of the firesafety of a building based on CFR's deterministic physical models, technical data, and the expert judgment of its staff. The first significant computer program to be developed by this project will be based on the expertise of Harold E. (Bud) Nelson. Thus, it will be called ASKBUD. In this article, the first exploratory steps taken to develop this program are described. Also, the progress made to date, as well as some of the major problems that must be solved, will be discussed. Since the system described in this article is in its infancy, we call it ASKBUDJr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fire technology 27 (1991), S. 145-159 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; expert systems ; fire codes ; building codes ; exposure ; computer programs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This report addresses the issue of developing an expert or knowledge-based system that deals with the problem of preventing the spread of fire between buildings. EXPOSURE, a knowledge-based program, has been developed that facilitates using the most appropriate technology and providing cost-effective solutions. EXPOSURE can solve the problem of the spread of fire between buildings for the case when an exposed building has combustible walls. The use of the expert system EXPOSURE and NFPA 80A produce significantly different recommended minimum separation between buildings. In some cases EXPOSURE calls for significantly greater separation and in others significantly less. In one case the separation required by NFPA 80A was more than five times greater than what EXPOSURE recommended. This program demonstrates that significant cost savings in achieving the desired level of firesafety and in assuring the levels of safety can be obtained by use of expert system fire codes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 9 (1996), S. 746-746 
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: complement; solvent activation; biosensor technology ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of small ID capillaries is shown to provide a substantial increase in sensitivity for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (CE-ESI/MS). In a comparison using capillaries ranging from either 100 to 10 μm or 50 to 5 μm ID and chemically modified with aminopropylsilane, a 25- to 50-fold increase in sensitivity was observed for both peptide and protein mixtures. This enhanced solute sensitivity allowed the detection of approximately 150 attomoles of melittin (2845 Da) with selected ion monitoring and 600 attomoles of carbonic anhydrase (29157 Da) while scanning for CE-MS with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. For the protein mixture, mass spectra of sufficient quality for precise molecular weight determination (≤ 0.05%) were obtained for 600 attomole injections using a 5 μm ID capillary. The increase in sensitivity with small capillary diameters can be primarily attributed to a reduced mass flow rate of buffer and other background constituents into the electrospray source, which allows for greater sample ionization efficiency. A model that qualitatively accounts for the results is presented, but quantitative agreement is precluded due to difficulties in accounting for contributions due to a liquid sheath flow used with the electrospray source. The model accounts for the observation that the ESI/MS appears to function as a concentration-sensitive detector under many conditions using large-diameter capillaries. A transition occurs, however, to a regime where the ESI/MS functions as a mass flow-sensitive detector for small-diameter capillaries, where the ESI current is limited by the rate of delivery to the ESI source of charge carrying species in solution. These results suggest peptide and protein analysis at low attomole and subattomole levels should be obtainable with alternative types of mass spectrometers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) and combined CITP-mass spectrometry (MS) for peptides and proteins is demonstrated. Separation of simple peptide mixtures, as well as enzymatic digets of proteins, is also reported using CITP with UV detection. The potential utility of CITP for proteins is demonstrated. Initial studies of combined CITP-MS of enzymatic digests is also demonstrated, showing the potential for rapid sequence determination.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Capillary isoelectric focusing ; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interfacing of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and the factors which dictate obtainable performance (i.e., sensitivity, mass resolution, scan rate and duty cycle) are described. We demonstrate the current status of the technique with examples of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) with FTICR analyses of proteins and oligonucleotides, and describe current limitations on sensitivity and scan speed. The first on-line interfacing of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with FTICR is also demonstrated and shown to be effective for separating minor components of protein mixtures for on-line mass spectral analysis. Finally, the potential for greatly improved performance based upon recent advances in FTICR instrumentation and methods is briefly described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Capillary isotachophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Nucleotide separation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and reversed anionic capillary isotachophoresis (CITP) conditions have been developed for the separation of mixtures comprised of monophosphate nucleosides, pyridine and flavin dinucleotides, and monophosphate dinucleosides. Results for the on-line coupling of CZE and CITP with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) are presented. CITP-tandem MS is utilized to provide both molecular weight and structural information of monophosphate dinucleosides. The fragmentation pattern of dinucleotides in the low collision energy range is described. The resulting mass spectra are readily interpreted in terms of dinucleotide structures. These results demonstrate the new capability for applications for the study of DNA and RNA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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