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  • Asclepiadaceae  (1)
  • Coffee fruit  (1)
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semiochemistry of aposematic seed bugs (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hemiptera ; Heteroptera ; Lygaeidae ; Oncopeltus ; Tropidothorax ; Neacoryphus ; pheromone ; attractant ; aposematic ; Asclepiadaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-2,7-Octadienyl acetate and (E) -2-octenyl acetate (1:10 by volume) were identified as a pheromone attractive to both sexes of the lygaeid bug, Tropidothorax cruciger. In a parallel investigation of Neacoryphus bicrucis (Lygaeidae), (E, E) -2,4-hexadienyl acetate and phenethyl acetate (≈9:1) were identified from males, and found attractive to both sexes of adults in the field plus a tachinid fly parasitoid of the bugs. In N. bicrucis, the pheromone was clearly shown to come from the tubular accessory glands of the metathoracic scent gland; this evidence, plus earlier literature reports for other species, indicate that male lygaeids are the pheromone emitters. In another lygaeid, Oncopeltus fasciatus, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine was identified in the cardiac glycoside-laden fluid sequestered from milkweed hosts and expelled by these bugs when they are attacked. Alkyl methoxypyrazines are warning odorants associated with poisonous insect secretions, and their presence in O. fasciatus indicates that the plant-derived chemical defense of lygaeines is more elaborate than previously appreciated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003096317524
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile, Potential Attractants from Ripe Coffee Fruit for Female Mediterranean Fruit Fly (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1891-1900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coffee fruit ; Coffea arabica ; host ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; medfly ; analysis of volatiles ; attractant ; lure ; Diptera ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-eight volatile compounds from freshly crushed, ripe, dark red coffee fruit, Coffea arabica, were identified by dynamic headspace analysis techniques. Identifications were made on the basis of a comparison of Kovats indices and GC-MS spectra for unknowns and authentic samples. Of the compounds identified, 10 were alcohols, nine were aldehydes, five were ketones, and four were monoterpenes. The five most abundant volatiles in decreasing order were hexanal (21%), 2-(E)-hexenal (11%), 3-methyl-1-butanol (9.0%), 3-methyl-1-butanal (8.5%), and 1-hexanol (8.4%). The five least abundant volatiles of the 28 identified, in increasing order, were decanal (0.19%), methyl hexanoate (0.33%), pulegone (0.44%), α-isomenthone (0.45%), and 2-nonanone (0.55%). In preliminary tests, many of the identified volatiles attracted more female Mediterranean fruit flies than the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006458.02342.61
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic characteristics and stability of microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ; vaccine ; microencapsulation ; controlled release ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The in vitro stability (temperature, pH, and trypsin) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen (MHA) with and without enteric-coated microencapsulation were examined. Microencapsulation of MHA with cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) is an effective route to produce enteric-coated vaccine microspheres for oral administration. The effect of temperature on the rate of inactivation of MHA was studied by exposing MHA to various temperatures, such as 25, 37, 50 and 60°C. The MHA microspheres were thermally more stable than that of the unencapsulated MHA. The kinetic parameters were observed to follow an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. The MHA microspheres were also more stable in acidic regions (pH 1.2-4.0) than that of the free one. The enteric-coated MHA microspheres exhibited an excellent enteric function to prevent acidic degradation. A model similar to the well-known Michaelis-Menten equation was formulated to describe the effect of trypsin on the antigenic degradation of MHA. The equilibrium constant KA and the maximum reaction velocity Vm were obtained from experimental data for both free and microencapsulated MHA. Both KA and Vm values of the microencapsulated MHA were smaller than that of the free one, i.e., the resistance to proteolytic enzyme such as trypsin was enhanced by microencapsulation. The storage stability of enteric-coated MHA microspheres has been satisfactorily prolonged that they could preserve more than 90% of original antigenicity after 30 days, and over 80% of antigenicity of MHA was retained in the microspheres for 95 days when it was stored at 4°C.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400203
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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