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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflammatory mediators in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 981-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Inflammatory bowel diseases ; Inflammatory mediators ; Crohn's disease ; Ulcerativecolitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown etiology. They are characterized by an activation of intestinal mononuclear cells. Cytokines play a crucial role in the regulation of the functions of these cells. An increased synthesis of the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα), which are primarily synthesized by activated monocytes/macrophages has been described in patients with IBD. The synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and of interferonγ (IFNγ), which are produced by lymphocytes, on the other hand, has been found to be decreased. The published data are, however, not quite consistent. In patients with IBD there is not only a stimulation of the local cytokine production in the gut. The blood levels and the synthesis of the cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα by peripheral blood mononuclear cells are also increased, in particular in patients with Crohn's disease. Drugs, which are commonly used for the treatment of IBD impair the synthesis of these cytokines in monocytes/macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01645143
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontane bakterielle Peritonitis (1998)
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Leberzirrhose ; Aszites ; Aszites ; spontane bakterielle Peritonitis ; Spontane bakterielle Peritonitis ; Leberzirrhose ; Komplikationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Die bakterielle Fehlbesiedelung des oberen Dünndarms, die bei Leberzirrhose häufig anzutreffen ist und zu der Aszites geradezu prädisponiert, dürfte zum Entstehen der spontanen bakteriellen Peritonitis (SBP) wesentlich beitragen. Mangelernährung, Störungen der unspezifischen und spezifischen regionalen Abwehr spielen dabei ebenfalls eine wichtige Rolle. Bemerkenswert erscheint die nachgewiesene Erhöhung von Interleukin-6 und anderen Makrophagen-assoziierten Zytokinen in der der Aszitesflüssigkeit. Das Krankheitsbild der SBP wird in dieser Übersicht eingehend unter den Gesichtspunkten der Epidemiologie, Klinik, Risikofaktoren, Pathogenese, Diagnostik, Prognose, Therapie sowie Rezidiv- und Primärprophylaxe abgehandelt. Neben einer umfassenden Literaturübersicht stützen sich die Verfasser auch auf Untersuchungen ihres eigenen umfangreichen Krankengut. Am Beispiel der SBP sei wieder einmal daran erinnert, daß eine Komplikation, hier als eine Peritonitis bei Aszites, zwar lange bekannt sein kann, als Krankheitsentität aber viel später erkannt und ausführlich beschrieben wird. Das trifft auf die SBP zu. So steht zu erwarten, daß das Krankheitsbild der spontanen bakteriellen Peritonitis für manche unserer nicht spezialisierten Leser ganz einfach noch nicht in das ärztliche Gesichtsfeld getreten, also schlicht gesagt: neu ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050168
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PMN-elastase in assessment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 1638-1644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn's disease ; ulcerative colitis ; PMN-elastase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PMN-elastase is a proteinase released by activated neutrophils. PMN-elastase was determined in two independent populations with inflammatory bowel disease. In an unselected population of 70 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease and 24 patients with ulcerative colitis with different degrees of disease activity plasma PMN-elastase levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with active than in patients with inactive disease [Crohn's disease: 80.5±33.2 ng/ml vs 60.1±24.6 ng/ml (means±sd),P=0.0017; ulcerative colitis: 98.2±54.9 ng/ml vs 59.2±16.8 ng/ml,P=0.026]. PMN-elastase levels in feces were also higher in patients with active Crohn's disease (23.6±15.3 ng/g vs 13.6±12.5 ng/g,P=0.0021) and active ulcerative colitis (46.5±60.5 ng/g vs 20.2±25.0 ng/g,P=0.46), but the difference reached significance only in Crohn's disease. Correlation of disease activity and PMN-elastase in individual patients showed a statistically significant correlation between plasma and fecal elastase concentrations and disease activity in ulcerative colitis (plasma:r=0.72,P〈0.001; feces:r=0.423,P〈0.001) but not fecal elastase concentrations (r=0.0083,P=0.485) correlated significantly with disease activity. Plasma PMN-elastase correlated weakly with fecal PMN-elastase levels in Crohn's disease (r=0.431,P〈0.01) and in ulcerative colitis (r=0.515,P=0.05). In 28 patients with highly active Crohn's disease [median severity activity index (SAI) 203] and 11 patients with highly active ulcerative colitis [median Rachmilewitz index (RI) 14] studied before and four weeks after steroid therapy, treatment lowered the median SAI to 140 and the median RI to 4.5. Mean plasma elastase concentrations decreased concomitantly from 83±44.9 ng/ml to 61.8±25.8 (P=0.0035) in patients with Crohn's disease and from 110±49.5 to 71.6±28.8 ng/ml (P=0.0069) in patients with ulcerative colitis. In conclusion, there is a release of PMN-elastase in active IBD, which can be detected in plasma as well as in feces. Plasma elastase levels reflect disease activity in patients with IBD. The variation of the data and the large overlap between different groups, however, strongly reduce the clinical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01303172
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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