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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric chemistry of carbon disulphide (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 1 (1983), S. 65-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Atmospheric oxidation ; carbon disulphide ; carbonyl sulphide ; sulphur cycle ; kinetic studies ; hydroxyl radical ; oxygen atom ; photolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of carbon disulphide has been studied under conditions which are likely to pertain in the atmosphere. The quantum yield for direct photo-oxidation of CS2 in air at 1 atm pressure, using near UV radiation was 0.012, with OCS as a major product. The rate coefficient (k 1) for the reaction of OH with CS2, was determined from measurements of OCS formation in the near UV photolysis of HONO−CS2−O2−N2 mixtures. k 1 was dependent on oxygen concentration rising from ≤4×10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at O2≤15 Torr to (2.0±1.0)×10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 1 atm air and 300 K. Equimolar amounts of carbonyl sulphide and sulphur dioxide were the major reaction products. The concentration of carbon disulphide in the ambient atmosphere was measured and the concentration to be expected in the background atmosphere was estimated. Rate and concentration data were used to show that carbon disulphide oxidation represents a major source for atmospheric carbonyl sulphide. It can also serve as an alternate source for atmospheric sulphur dioxide in addition to that produced from hydrogen sulphide and dimethyl sulphide. A consideration of atmospheric concentrations and rate data for these trace sulphur gases suggests that the natural sulphur budget is much smaller than the yearly amounts of sulphur dioxide emitted from anthropogenic sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00113980
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azide photoresists for projection photolithography (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The spectral sensitivity of bisazide sensitized rubbers has been extended to 5000Å by the addition of p-azidocinnamylidene derivatives of cyclohexanone. The photoresists were suitable for projection exposure at 4050 and 4350 Hg lines. The photospeed of the compositions is enhanced by increasing the unsaturation of the polymer component. Speed increase could also be obtained by exposure of the films at elevated temperatures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140705
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of mixed solutes: I. Separation of formic and hydrochloric acids. II. Separation of acetic and sulfuric acids (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 456-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In many complex systems in solvent extraction a second solute is often present or is added to promote extraction of the first solute. Previous studies showed that the electrolyte sulfuric acid can be considered as a salting-out agent for extraction of formic acid from water by methyl isobutyl ketone.In the present work two systems were studied: (I) hydrochloric acid-formic acid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone and (II) sulfuric acid-acetic acid-water-methyl isobutyl ketone. Selectivities of over 200 were found favoring the extraction of formic over hydrochloric acid, and values of over 6,000 favoring the acetic over the sulfuric acid were found. The data for extraction of formic acid were correlated by the Setschenow equation. A similar type of equation was found for extraction of acetic acid in system II.The results indicate that the electrolyte hydrochloric acid can also be considered as a salting-out agent for formic acid. The data show that sulfuric is more effective than hydrochloric acid in salting-out the formic acid. This is in qualitative agreement with experimental data in other systems employing sulfate and chloride electrolytes and with the theoretical equation derived by Debye and McAuley. About 28% less sulfuric acid is needed to salt-out a given amount of acetic acid when compared with salting-out the same amount of formic acid.The changes in activity coefficient of the acetic acid in the aqueous phase with additions of sulfuric acid were measured in system II. These activity coefficient changes could account for only about 39% of the increase in distribution ratio of the acetic acid. A possible explanation for this is that the molecular species of the acetic acid in the organic and aqueous phases changed when sulfuric acid was added to the water phase.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070323
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