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Interleukin-6 levels in serum and lung lavage fluid of children undergoing open heart surgery correlate with postoperative morbidity (1998)

Hauser, G. J. ; Ben-Ari, J. ; Colvin, M. P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 481-486

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ISSN: 1432-1238

Keywords: Key words Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Interleukin-6 ; Critical care ; Cardiac surgery ; Pediatrics ; Bronchoalveolar lavage

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship of perioperative levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum and bronchoalveolar fluid with morbidity and mortality in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: Prospective, noninterventional study. Setting: Operating room and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university hospital. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: IL-6 levels were measured in serum and lung lavage fluid obtained before, during, and after CPB using the B9.9 bioassay. Alveolar epithelial lining fluid (AELF) volume was calculated using the urea correction method. Mean intraoperative AELF IL-6 levels increased fourfold compared to preoperative levels, and mean serum IL-6 levels increased fivefold after CPB. Mean intraoperative AELF IL-6 levels correlated with intraoperative blood transfusion (r 2 = 0.18; p = 0.049) and duration of inotropic support (r 2 = 0.29; p = 0.009), mechanical ventilation (r 2 = 0.24; p = 0.019), and PICU stay (r 2 = 0.29; p = 0.008). Mean serum IL-6 levels 2 h after CPB correlated with intraoperative blood transfusion (r 2 = 0.3; p = 0.007), and with Pediatric Risk of Mortality score on postoperative day 3 (r 2 = 0.24; p = 0.022), and were higher in patients with massive fluid retention (p = 0.014) and in nonsurvivors (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Serum and alveolar IL-6 levels increase after CPB, and correlate with postoperative morbidity. Serum IL-6 levels also correlate with mortality. They may be useful in assessing the severity of the systemic inflammatory response after CPB.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050600

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Do intelligent configuration search techniques outperform random search for large molecules? (1992)

Judson, R. S. ; Colvin, M. E. ; Meza, J. C. ; [et al.]

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 44 (1992), S. 277-290

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ISSN: 0020-7608

Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: We compare three global configuration search methods on a scalable model problem to measure relative performance over a range of molecule sizes. Our model problem is a 2-D polymer composed of atoms connected by rigid rods in which all pairs of atoms interact via Lennard-Jones potentials. The global minimum energy can be calculated analytically. The search methods are all hybrids combining a global sampling algorithm with a local refinement technique. The sampling methods are simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), and random search. Each of these uses a conjugate gradient (CG) routine to perform the local refinement. Both GA and SA perform progressively better relative to random search as the molecule size increases. We also test two other local refinement techniques in addition to CG, coupled to random search as the global method. These are simplex followed by CG and simplex followed by block-truncated Newton. For small problems, the addition of the intermediate simplex step improved the performance of the overall hybrid method. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.