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  • 1
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The COLUMBUS program system is a collection of Fortran programs for performing general multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) wave function optimization based on the graphical unitary group approach. The program system also includes integral generation, SCF and MCSCF orbital optimization, integral transformation, and wave function analysis programs. The original program system was written in 1980 to 1981. Since that time, it has evolved into one of the most popular MRSDCI program systems used in the computational chemistry community. The discussion of this evolution will include the exploitation of efficient matrix-matrix and matrix-vector product computational kernels, the use of generally contracted symmetry-adapted orbital basis sets, general Hamiltonian diagonalization procedures, energy-based internal walk selection, flexible DRT specification, improved coupling-coefficient evaluation methods, coupled-pair functional and multireference CPF capabilities, and density matrix construction. The numerous versions of the program system that are maintained at different sites and on different computers are now in the process of being merged. The source code for this combined version will be made available to the computational chemistry community. The source code for a specific computer may be generated from the source code for another computer by a single pass through a simple filter utility that is included with the program system. The directly supported computers will initially include various models of VAX, Cray, FPS, IBM, CDC, and ETA machines with the addition of other machines shortly thereafter. The ongoing developments of the COLUMBUS system that are discussed include a new method for computing analytic energy gradients for MRSDCI wave functions. This effective-density-matrix based method avoids the “coupled perturbed MCSCF” solutions for each coordinate direction, avoids the transformation of any derivative-integral quantities from the AO to the MO basis, avoids the transformation of the coupling coefficients from the MO to the AO basis, allows a subset of the MCSCF doubly occupied orbitals to be frozen in the CI wave function, and allows the MRSDCI wave function to be generated from general reference CSFs that are not necessarily related to the MCSCF expansion CSFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 23 (1983), S. 613-623 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: “Full CI” energy extrapolation techniques for use with MRDCI (or MCSCF-CI) wave function calculations are illustrated for (H2)2 which is “pathological” [C. F. Jackels and I. Shavitt, Theor. Chim Acta 58, 81 (1981)]. Our analysis suggests that this extrapolation should be fundamentally more reliable than cluster correction formula results, through the application of a double internal consistency scaling of systematic error estimates, despite explicit treatment of only a small fraction of the configuration list of a full CI. The results of extrapolation suggest that the van der Waals interaction for H2-H2 at R = 6.5a0 in the planar T configuration is less than 200 μH greater than our semiempirical estimate for this interaction strength. Although the role played by the limited basis (80 functions) is not assessed by the present calculations, it appears possible that absolute errors from extrapolation from 16255 SAF results to estimate the full CI value (912464 SAF's) are as small as 0.5 kJ/mol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 507-520 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multireference configuration interaction (MR-CI) calculations using energy-selected and complete-active-space reference configurations are compared for a large-basis-set treatment of the (H2)2 van der Waals complex in a T geometry. Procedures for estimating truncation errors arising from energy threshold selection of configuration state functions and for extrapolating to the full CI limit are tested by comparisons with untruncated calculations and with the full CI energy. The results of these tests show that great care is required in the use of the correction and extrapolation formulas. Optimization of the orbitals of the reference wave function (compared to the use of SCF orbitals) is found to produce order-of-magnitude improvement in the results.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: CHO cells ; azaguanine-resistant ; hypoxanthine ; phosphoribosyltransferase ; hypoxanthine transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Azarts Chinese hamster ovary cells were 20 to 50 times more resistant to 8-amaguanine and 50 to 10 times more resistant to both 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine than wild-type cells. Resistance correlated with a failure of azarts cells to incorporate 8-amaguanine into the nucleotide pool and into nucleic-acids. The uptake of hypoxanthine and guanine, on the other hand, was about the same in both types of cells and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of the azarts cells as measured in cell lysates was unaltered both in concentration and kinetic properties with hypoxanthine as well as 8-azaguanine as substrate. Plasma membrane permeability to 8-azaguanine and the regulation of intracellular pH were also not altered in azarts cells and there was no significant degradation of 8-azaguanine or azaguanine nucleotides. We conclude therefore that in azarts cells the phosphoribosylation of 8-azaguanine per se is specifically blocked but that this effect is abolished upon cell lysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 46 (1991), S. 54-59 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Na+/nucleoside cotransport ; AE-1 nucleoside transport mutant ; S49 mouse lymphoma cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: S49 murine lymphoma cells were examined for expression of various nucleoside transport systems using a non-metabolized nucleoside, formycin B, as substrate. Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI)-sensitive, facilitated transport was the primary nucleoside transport system of the cells. The cells also expressed very low levels of NBTI-resistant, facilitated nucleoside transport as well as of Na+-dependent, concentrative formycin B transport. Concentrative transport was specific for uridine and purine nucleosides, just as the concentrative nucleoside transporters of other mouse and rat cells. A nucleoside transport mutant of S49 cells, AE-1, lacked both the NBTI-sensitive, facilitated and Na+-dependent, concentrative formycin B transport activity, but Na+-dependent, concentrative transport of α-aminoisobutyrate was not affected.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 259-259 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Two methods have emerged for measuring the DNA content of paraffin-embedded tissue using image cytometry: (1) analysis of thin sections, and (2) analysis of nuclei extracted from thick sections. These methods were evaluated using 31 breast tumors for which paraffin-embedded material was available. Cases selected represented 11 diploid, 11 tetraploid, and 9 aneuploid tumors. Results generated using image cytometry methods were compared with those obtained using flow cytometry. For thin sections, the tissue correction feature of the CAS 200 Image Cytometer was used to estimate the DNA content of whole nuclei from measurements made on sectioned nuclei. DNA histograms were generated from tissue sections cut at the same microtome setting (5 μm) before and after software corrections of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5 μm. A comparison of flow cytometry and thin-section image analysis in the absence of tissue correction showed 90% concordance for diploid, 27% concordance for tetraploid, and 77% concordance for aneuploid tumors. The ploidy estimated on thin sections by at least one of the correction values was discordant in 72% of diploid, 91% of tetraploid, and 78% of aneuploid tumors. For cell nuclei extracted from paraffin, excellent agreement was found between flow and image cytometry (r = 0.933). It was concluded that in most cases, cell nuclei extracted from paraffin are preferable to tissue sections for ploidy analysis of breast tumors using image cytometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 27-35 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Carcinogen biomarkers ; tobacco smoke carcinogens ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; tobacco-specific nitrosamines ; hemoglobin adducts ; DNA adducts ; chemoprevention by isothiocyanates ; phenethyl isothiocyanate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Smoking is the major cause of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Among the many constituents of tobacco smoke, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco-specific nitrosamines are strongly implicated as causative factors for these cancers. The probability that these compounds will induce cancer in a given individual will depend on that person's ability to metabolically activate or detoxify them. Chronic production of DNA damage by these metabolically activated carcinogens is consistent with current concepts of carcinogenesis in which multiple genetic changes, such as activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, appear to be critical. Chemopreventive agents which decrease the level of DNA damage should therefore decrease the risk for cancer. Biomarkers such as carcinogen-DNA adducts, carcinogen-hemoglobin adducts, and urinary metabolites of carcinogens will indicate the amount of metabolically activated carcinogen which may damage DNA in an individual and can therefore be used as an index of risk. Selected biomarkers are discussed in this paper. These biomarkers of internal dose have great potential for application in chemoprevention trials.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 165 (1982), S. 373-384 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A nuclear morphometic assay for preosteoblasts is introduced as a cell-kinetic technique, applicable to routine histological preparations of mineralized tissue. Because this method is a morphological marker for osteoblast precursor cell differentiation, it provides a new dimension for determining the mechanism of osteoblast histogenesis. Osteoblast precursors of the periodontal ligament are a mixed population of progenitors, kinetically separable into two distinct groups according to nuclear size. Preosteoblasts, the immediate proliferating precursors of osteoblasts, have large nuclei (〉170 μm3) and are derived from relatively undifferentiated fibroblastlike cells, which have smaller nuclei (〈80 μm3). Increase in nuclear volume, during G 1 phase of the cell cycle, is apparently a morphological manifestation of change in genomic expression. This key event in preosteoblast differentiation is related to mechanical stress/strain and may be an important rate-limiting step in osteoblast histogenesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 43 (1990), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: deoxyadenosine metabolism ; adenosine phosphorylase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Deoxycoformycin-treated P388 and L1210 mouse leukemia cells salvage 2′-deoxyadenosine from the medium only inefficiently, because deoxyadenosine deamination is blocked and its phosphorylation is limited by feedback controls. Mycoplasma contamination at a level that had no significant effect on the growth of the cells increased the salvage of deoxyadenosine 〉10 fold over a 90 min period of incubation at 37°C, but in this case deoxyadenosine was mainly incorporated into ribonucleotides and RNA via adenine formed from deoxyadenosine by mycoplasma adenosine phosphorylase. Deoxyadenosine was an efficient substrate for this enzyme, in contrast to 2′, 3′-dideoxyadenosine which was not phosphorolyzed. Mycoplasma infection was confirmed by the presence of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity and by culture isolation. The contaminant has been identified as Mycoplasma orale. Mycoplasma infection had no effect on the deamination and phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine and adenosine, on the salvage of hypoxanthine and adenine, or on the degradation of dAMP and dATP by the cells or on their acid and alkaline phosphatase activities.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 75 (1970), S. 315-327 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: At cytostatic concentrations, phenethyl alcohol has immediate and reversible effects on multiple metabolic processes of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells growing in suspension culture. These include an inhibition of the transport of various low molecular weight substances into the cell, an inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis and the processing of ribosomal RNA, and a degradation of ribosomal RNA. All effects might be explained as resulting from an interaction of the chemical with cellular membranes. Phenethyl alcohol does not have an immediate effect on RNA synthesis per se. The immediate failure of phenethyl alcohol-treated cells to incorporate uridine from the medium into RNA is due to an inhibition of the uridine transport reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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