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  • Audiologic evaluation  (1)
  • Enantioselectivity  (1)
  • Sensorineural hearing loss  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Malonic acids ; Decarboxylation ; Enantioselectivity ; Mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die katalytische Decarboxylierung von Malonsäuren, von der behauptet wird, daß sie von Kupfer(I)-Komplexen katalysiert wird, wurde untersucht. Die Decarboxylierung verschiedener Malonsäurederivate (1–5) verlief mit Cu2O wesentlich effektiver als mit CuCl. Die Decarboxylierung wird also durch die Basizität des Anions beeinflußt. In der Decarboxylierung von Phenylmalonsäure (3) zeigenBis(tricyclohexylphosphan)kupfer(I)-hydrogenphenylmalonat (6) und Kaliumhydrogenphenylmalonat (7) nahezu identische Geschwindigkeitskonstanten. Daraus ergibt sich, daß die Monoanionen der Malonsäurederivate die reaktiven Spezies sind, die der Decarboxylierung unterliegen. Weitere Experimente werden präsentiert, die zeigen, daß alles, was die Konzentration der Monoanionen erhöht, auch die Geschwindigkeit der Decarboxylierung ansteigen läßt. Bei der enantioselektiven Decarboxylierung des Monoethylesters von Methylphenylmalonsäure (2) konnte der Enantiomerenüberschuß von (S)-(+)-Ethyl-2-phenylpropionat bei Einsatz des Alkaloids Cinchonin auf 34,5%ee gesteigert werden.
    Notes: Summary The catalytic decarboxylation of malonic acids, claimed to be catalyzed by copper(I) compounds, has been investigated. Decarboxylation of different malonic acid derivatives (1–5) in acetonitrile was far more effective with Cu2O than with CuCl. Thus, the decarboxylation is obviously influenced by the basicity of the anion. In the decarboxylation of phenylmalonic acid (3),bis(tricyclohexylphosphane)copper(I) hydrogenphenylmalonate (6) and potassium hydrogenphenylmalonate (7) show nearly identical rate constants. It is concluded that the monoanions of the malonic acid derivatives are the reactive species undergoing decarboxylation. Further experiments are presented which demonstrate that everything that increases the concentration of the monoanions also increases the rate of decarboxylation. In the enantioselective decarboxylation of the monoethyl ester of methylphenylmalonic acid (2), the enantiomeric excess of (S)-(+)-ethyl 2-phenylpropionate could be raised to 34.5%ee using the alkaloid cinchonine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cochlear implant ; Deafness ; Sensorineural hearing loss ; Audiologic evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate measures predictive of the selection of candidates for cochlear implants. Results of a comprehensive selection protocol were compiled for a group of 31 profoundly hearing-impaired adults undergoing intensive pre-selection evaluation. Data included: unaided audiologic; aided audiologic; vestibular; otologic; medical; radiologic; voice/speech; speechreading; psychoacoustic; and electrophysiologic parameters. The results of the Cochlear Implant Team's decisions concerning selections of patients for implants were compared with the predictive outcome of regression analysis. Ramifications for the construction of cochlear implant evaluation protocols are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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