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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Panoramaschichtaufnahme ; Digitale Radiographie ; Dosismessungen ; Strahlenexposition ; Effektive Dosis ; Keywords Panoramic radiography ; Digital ¶radiography ; Dosimetry ; Radiation exposure ; Effective dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Objective: The purpose of our study was to measure and compare patient exposure by direct digital and conventional panoramic radiography. Material and methods: Dose measurements were carried out on an anthropomorphic phantom, which was specially developed for dental radiography. Panoramic radiographs were taken with three different conventional devices (Orthopantomograph 10E, Orth Oralix FD, Siemens Orthophos) and two direct digital devices (Orthopantomograph 100 Digipan, Siemens Orthophos DS Ceph). The exposure conditions were according to clinical routine. The energy dose was measured at 28 places inside and on the surface of the phantom by using a set of 108 thermoluminescence detectors. Additionally, exposure time, tube voltage, central-beam dose, and dose-area products were measured. The effective doses were calculated on the basis of the absorbed doses. Results: In each case, the highest energy doses were recorded at the parotid gland, the mandibular angle, the submandibular gland, and the skin in the neck. Panoramic radiographs taken with the conventional units yielded in effective doses in the range of 16–21 μSv, the digital units caused 5 or 14 μSv. Conclusion: In comparison with conventional techniques, patient exposure can be reduced by direct digital panoramic radiography. The extent of dose reduction depends on the ¶device employed and is generally smaller than the dose reduction that can be achieved by digital imaging devices in intraoral radiography.
    Notes: Fragestellung: Durch systematische Dosismessungen sollte geklärt werden, ob durch digitale Panoramaschichtaufnahmen gegenüber der konventionellen Technik eine Verringerung der Strahlenexposition des Patienten erreicht werden kann. Material und Methode: Die Dosismessungen erfolgten an einem anthropomorphen Phantom, das speziell für Untersuchungen zur zahnärztlichen Röntgendiagnostik entwickelt worden war. Mit Expositionsbedingungen, die der klinischen Routine entsprachen, wurden Panoramaschichtaufnahmen des Phantoms mit 3 unterschiedlichen konventionellen Geräten (Orthopantomograph 10E, Orth Oralix FD, Siemens Orthophos) und 2 digitalen Geräten (Orthopantomograph 100 Digipan, Siemens Orthophos DS Ceph) erstellt. Dabei wurde die Energiedosis an 28 Messorten am Phantom sowie im Zentralstrahl unter Verwendung von 108 Thermolumineszenzdetektoren bestimmt. Zudem wurden Schaltzeiten, Röhrenspannung und Dosis-Flächen-Produkte registriert. Auf Grundlage der Dosismessungen erfolgte eine Abschätzung der effektiven Dosen. Ergebnisse: Die jeweils höchsten Energiedosiswerte wurden im Bereich der Glandula parotis, im Kieferwinkel, in der Glandula submandibularis und an der Nackenhaut registriert. Bei Verwendung der konventionellen Geräte ergaben sich effektive Dosen von 16–21 μSv, bei den digitalen Geräten von 5 bzw. 14 μSv. Schlussfolgerungen: In Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten Gerät kann durch digitale Panoramaschichtaufnahmen eine Verminderung der Strahlenexposition des Patienten erreicht werden. Das Ausmaß der Dosisreduktion ist jedoch geringer als beim entsprechenden Vergleich von konventionellen und digitalen Systemen für intraorale Aufnahmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1985), S. 175-178 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Juvenile diabetes mellitus ; Child ; Pre-diabetic state ; Autoantibodies ; Histocompatibility antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In three children (patients 1, 2 and 3) insulindependency was predicted 28, 32 and 4 months, respectively before the disease became clinically manifest, by the finding of islet cell antibodies at that time. These retrospective findings support the evidence for a long pre-diabetic phase in childhood diabetes, marked by the presence of islet cell antibodies, as well as the linkage of HLA-antigens to the susceptibility to this disease. The possibility of detecting pre-diabetic states in children before the endogenous insulin secretion decreases to the point of producing clinical symptoms support efforts by basic scientists to develop techniques for immunological intervention early in the course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 139 (1982), S. 272-274 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cryptorchidism ; Chromosomal abnormalities ; Congenital defects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several chromosomal and nonchromosomal syndromes are associated with cryptorchidism. Primary dysgenetic hypogonadism probably is the major cause of cryptorchidism in these syndromes. Systematic microscopic investigations of testicular tissue are not available. testicular tissue are not available. A higher than normal incidence of urinary tract malformations in boys with cryptorchidism has been reported, but there is no agreement in the literature on whether all patients with cryptorchidism should be screened for abnormalities of the urinary tract. In infants with ambiguous genitalia, including hypospadias, very often the testes are not palpable. Extensive evaluation of such infants is a ‘social emergency’; early assignment of the gender role of the infant is of great importance. The association of neurofacial midline defects with short stature and cryptorchidism should be recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 146 (1987), S. S35 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cryptorchidism ; Testis ; Synthetic hormones ; LH-RH ; LH-FSH releasing hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of LH-RH nasal spray in treatment of cryptorchidism involving 252 prepuberal boys with 301 undescended testes, showed a success rate of 9% (14 testes) for LH-RH and 8% (10 testes) for placebo. Including a subsequent open study and a second course of LH-RH as required, the rate for LH-RH rose to 18% (48 testes). The follow-up period saw late descent in another 5% (14 testes), in a few cases coinciding with the onset of puberty. Retrospective evaluation revealed a previous scrotal position of the testes for 43% of the boys with success of treatment and even for 17% of the boys with failure of treatment. In many of these cases surgery revealed an anatomical anomaly that might have caused testicular ascent. Hormonal evaluation revealed no abnormalities in cryptorchid boys compared with control subjects, nor was there a divergence in values before and after treatment. The lower the pretreatment testicular position, the better the rate of success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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