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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic neuropathy ; Axonal regeneration ; Nerve growth factor receptors ; Schwann cells ; Basal lamina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Observations were made on myelinated fibre regeneration in diabetic sensory polyneuropathy assessed in sural nerve biopsy specimens. These confirmed that regenerative clusters initially develop within abnormally persistent Schwann cell basal laminal tubes. The number of regenerating fibres, identified by light microscopy, was found to decline in proportion to the reduction in total myelinated fibre density. The relative number of regenerating fibres was significantly greater in patients with insulin-dependent as compared with those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes after correction for age. There was a slight negative correlation between the relative proportion of regenerating fibres and age, but this was not statistically significant. The progressive reduction in the number of regenerating fibres with declining total fibre density indicates that axonal regeneration fails with advancing neuropathy. The production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors by denervated Schwann cells is likely to be important for axonal regeneration. To investigate whether the failure of axonal regeneration could be related to a lack of NGF receptor production by Schwann cells, we examined the expression of p75 NGF receptors by Büngner bands immunocytochemically. In comparison with other types of peripheral neuropathy, p75 NGF receptor expression appeared to take place normally. It is concluded that failure of axonal regeneration constitutes an important component in diabetic neuropathy. Its explanation requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; Axonal regeneration ; Nerve growth factor receptors ; Schwann cells ; Basal lamina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Observations were made on myelinated fibre regeneration in diabetic sensory polyneuropathy assessed in sural nerve biopsy specimens. These confirmed that regenerative clusters initially develop within abnormally persistent Schwann cell basal laminal tubes. The number of regenerating fibres, identified by light microscopy, was found to decline in proportion to the reduction in total myelinated fibre density. The relative number of regenerating fibres was significantly greater in patients with insulin-dependent as compared with those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes after correction for age. There was a slight negative correlation between the relative proportion of regenerating fibres and age, but this was not statistically significant. The progressive reduction in the number of regenerating fibres with declining total fibre density indicates that axonal regeneration fails with advancing neuropathy. The production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors by denervated Schwann cells is likely to be important for axonal regeneration. To investigate whether the failure of axonal regeneration could be related to a lack of NGF receptor production by Schwann cells, we examined the expression of p75 NGF receptors by Büngner bands immunocytochemically. In comparison with other types of peripheral neuropathy, p75 NGF receptor expression appeared to take place normally. It is concluded that failure of axonal regeneration constitutes an important component in diabetic neuropathy. Its explanation requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic vascular disease ; diabetes mellitus ; diabetic autonomie neuropathy ; vasomotor nerves ; arterioles ; morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative ultrastructural analysis was made of the terminal innervation of epineurial arterioles in the sural nerve of 6 diabetic and 6 nondiabetic patients of comparable age (mean±SD: 68 ±9 non-diabetic, 65±16 diabetic) with end stage peripheral vascular disease. The results demonstrated specific differences, identifiable morphometrically, in the pattern of innervation of epineurial vessels of diabetics compared with non-diabetics. The differences were: 1) in the diabetic group the proportion of perivascular axons found less than 7 μm from the nearest smooth muscle cell was significantly less than in the non-diabetic group (p 〈0.001); 2), the mean distance of the axons from their effector sites, the vascular smooth muscle cells, was nearly twice as far in the diabetic group compared with the nondiabetic group (p 〈0.05); and 3) the mean absolute number of axons less than 7 μ from the arteriole in the diabetic group was significantly less than in the non-diabetic group (p 〈0.01). These results demonstrate that the neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus also involves the autonomic terminal innervation of some blood vessels. In addition, this neuropathy selectively affects the vasomotor nerves closer than 7 μm to the media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic vascular disease ; diabetes mellitus ; diabetic autonomic neuropathy ; vasomotor nerves ; arterioles ; morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative ultrastructural analysis was made of the terminal innervation of epineurial arterioles in the sural nerve of 6 diabetic and 6 nondiabetic patients of comparable age (mean ± SD: 68 ±9 non-diabetic, 65±16 diabetic) with end stage peripheral vascular disease. The results demonstrated specific differences, identifiable morphometrically, in the pattern of innervation of epineurial vessels of diabetics compared with non-diabetics. The differences were: 1) in the diabetic group the proportion of perivascular axons found less than 7 μm from the nearest smooth muscle cell was significantly less than in the non-diabetic group (p〈0.001); 2) the mean distance of the axons from their effector sites, the vascular smooth muscle cells, was nearly twice as far in the diabetic group compared with the nondiabetic group (p〈0.05); and 3) the mean absolute number of axons less than 7 μm from the arteriole in the diabetic group was significantly less than in the non-diabetic group (p〈0.01). These results demonstrate that the neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus also involves the autonomic terminal innervation of some blood vessels. In addition, this neuropathy selectively affects the vasomotor nerves closer than 7 μm to the media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Diabetic Neuropathy ; Hypertrophic Changes ; Nerve Biopsy ; Electron Microscopy ; Segmental Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beobachtungen an Nervenbiopsien bei 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Patienten mit diabetischer Neuropathie wurden unternommen. 1 Patient wies die für eine hypertrophische Neuropathie typischen licht-und elektronenmikroskopischen Veränderungen auf. 5 zeigten typische hypertrophische Veränderungen, die aber nur bei elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchung sichtbar waren; bei weiteren wurden ähnliche geringe Veränderungen entdeckt. Es wird angenommen, daß diese Veränderungen durch segmentale Demyelinisation verursacht wurden.
    Notes: Summary Observations have been made on 10 consecutive nerve biopsies from patients with diabetic neuropathy. 1 patient showed the typical appearances of hypertrophic neuropathy on light and electron microscopy. 5 displayed typical hypertrophic changes visible only on electron microscopy and minor abnormalities of a similar nature were seen in 2 others. It was considered that they were likely to have resulted from recurrent segmental demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1969), S. 237-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Wallerian Degeneration ; Nodal Changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen in den Ranvierschen Knoten des N.suralis der Ratte im Laufe der Wallerschen Degeneration berichtet. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten 12 und 120 Std nach einer örtlichen Quetschungsverletzung. Die ersten bemerkbaren Veränderungen finden sich im Axon. Nodale und paranodale Anhäufungen von Mitochondrien, multivesikulären und lamellären Körpern, wie auch kleinen blasen- und röhrenartigen Bildungen sind teilweise in den Knoten sichtbar und am deutlichsten nach 24–36 Std erkennbar. Gleichzeitig erfolgt eine Aufsplitterung der Neurofilamente und Neurotubuli, die ihre Liniengestaltung verlieren und sich zusammenballen. Die Zone der erhöhten Dichte gerade unterhalb des nodalen Axolemmas bleibt erhalten. Veränderungen im Myelin beginnen etwas später und bestehen in einem vesikulären Verfall der Endomyelinlamellen und einer Trennung der Endomyelinschlaufen vom Axolemma durch Schwannzellenfortsätze. Dieser Vorgang schien mit einem Zurückziehen des Myelins vom Knoten im Zusammenhang zu stehen. Schwannzellenfortsätze erstrecken sich auch so weit, daß sie das nodale Axon bedecken, wobei sie die nodalen Schwannzellenfortsätze vom Axolemma trennen. Das Endstadium ist die Unterbrechung des nodalen Axons und die Verschmelzung der Myelinenden als Teil der Ovoidbildung.
    Notes: Summary Observations are reported on the ultrastructural alterations at the nodes of Ranvier in the rat sural nerve during the course of Wallerian degeneration. These were examined between 12 and 120 hours after a localized crush injury. The earliest detectable changes are in the axon. Nodal and paranodal accumulations of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, lamellar bodies and small vesicular and tubular profiles are seen at a proportion of the nodes and are most evident at 24–36 hours. Concomitantly with this, the neurofilaments and neurotubulus fragment, lose their alignment and clump together. The zone of increased density just beneath the nodal axolemma is preserved. Changes in the myelin begin slightly later and consist of vesicular breakdown of the terminal myelin lamellae, and separation of the terminal myelin loops from the axolemma by Schwann cell processes. The latter event appeared to be associated with retraction of the myelin from the node. Schwann cell processes also extend to cover the nodal axon, separating the Schwann cell nodal processes from the axolemma. The final stage is the interruption of the nodal axon and the fusion of the ends of the myelin as part of ovoid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Isolated Nerve Fibres ; Electron Microscopy ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Technik zur Isolierung peripherer Nervenfasern durch Auffasern und nachfolgende licht-undd elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung beschrieben. Diese Technik wurde zum Studium ungewöhnlich geschwollener Fasern angewandt, die proximal der Läsion bei durchschnittenen Nerven von Ratten beobachtet wurden. Diese Fasern wurden als das Ergebnis der Demyelinisation bereits remyelinisierter Segmente dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary A technique is described for isolating peripheral nerve fibres by teasing and subsequently examining them by light and electron microscopy. The technique was applied to the study of unusual swollen fibres observed central to the lesion in transected nerves in rats. These were shown to be the result of the demyelination of already remyelinated segments of the fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 18 (1971), S. 150-159 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Nerve Regeneration ; Unmyelinated Axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung über die Regeneration von marklosen Axonen wurde am N. vagus des Kaninchens durchgeführt. Als Folge einer lokalisierten Quetschverletzung des N. vagus am Hals in Höhe der Cartilago thyreoidea wurden die regenerierenden marklosen Axone in den laryngealen Recurrens-Ast abgelenkt, der normalerweise beinahe vollständig aus myelinreichen Fasern aufgebaut ist. Die regenerierenden marklosen Axone kommen um die regenerierenden myelinreichen Axone zu liegen, sind aber mit getrennten Schwannschen Zellen verbunden. Eine mögliche Erklärung für diese aberrierende Regeneration der myelinfreien Axone wird diskutiert, ebenso ihre Bedeutung für die Human-Neuropathologie.
    Notes: Summary An electron microscope investigation has been made into the regeneration of unmyelinated axons in the vagus nerve of the rabbit. Following a localized crush injury of the vagus nerve in the neck at the level of the thyroid cartilage, the regenerating unmyelinated axons become diverted into the recurrent laryngeal branch, which is normally composed almost entirely of myelinated fibres. Here the regenerating unmyelinated axons become arrayed around the regenerating myelinated axons, but are associated with separate Schwann cells. The possible explanation for this aberrant regeneration of the unmyelinated axons is discussed, as is its significance for human neuropathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 26 (1973), S. 317-327 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral Neuropathy ; Tangier Disease ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve biopsy findings are recorded for two previously reported patients with Tangier disease (hereditary high density lipoprotein deficiency). Both cases showed unusual clinical manifestations in comparison with other reported cases. The neurological disorder, symptoms from which began in the third decade, gave rise to a lower motor neuron deficit of unique distribution, which was accompanied by progressive sensory impairment limited for many years to loss of pain and temperature sensibility, ultimately involving all sensory modalities. Both biopsy specimens displayed similar features, with a gross loss of unmyelinated and myelinated axons, an extensive accumulation of lipid within Schwann cells, and excessive endoneurial collagenization. The axonal loss appeared to represent a primary axonal degeneration, there being no evidence of a demyelinating process. It is suggested that the accumulation of cholesterol within Schwann cells may be the result of a failure of cholesterol removal mechanisms or of intracellular lipid transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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