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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 36 (1997), S. 18-34 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter BPH ; α-Adrenozeptorantagonisten ; Alfuzosin ; Terazosin ; Doxazosin ; Tamsulosin ; Key words BPH ; α-Adrenoceptor antagonists ; Alfuzosin ; Terazosin ; Doxazosin ; Tamsulosin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The International Consensus Committee recommends α-adrenoceptor antagonists for medical therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This review evaluates 52 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, including 10 399 patients and, moreover, 40 clinical studies including 33 600 patients undergoing treatment with α-adrenoceptor antagonists because of BPH. The therapeutic efficacy of all α-adrenoceptor antagonists is more or less the same. There is an average improvement of symptom scores of about 35 % and a mean increase in maximum flow rate of between 1.8 and 2.5 ml/s. Studies investigating long-term efficacy and quality of life tend to show a long-term benefit. The introduction of selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonists led to a significant reduction of side effects. These side effects are primarily caused by the vasodilatatory qualities of α-blockers. The development of so-called uroselective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of BPH possibly leads to further reduction of side effects related to vasodilatation. Medical therapy by α1-adrenoceptor antagonists seems to be superior to phytotherapy or treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors, as shown in a few studies. So far, it is not clear whether there is any advantage of combination therapy. The application of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists is indicated in all cases of symptomatic BPH, excluding patients who need TUR-P (e. g., middle lobe) or prostatectomy. If patients are either willing or eligible to have surgical treatment, therapy by α1-adrenoceptor antagonists is a rational choice. Comparative clinical trials have to be conducted to provide additional information and to clarify which α-blocker may be recommended as the first choice. Until then, those α1-adrenoceptor antagonists should be used for which safety and efficacy are well documented and which can be prescribed at reasonable costs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Internationale Konsensuskomitee empfiehlt α-Adrenozeptorantagonisten zur medikamentösen Therapie der benignen Prostatahyperplasie (BPH). In dieser Übersicht werden 52 randomisierte, plazebokontrollierte, doppelblinde Studien mit 10 399 Patienten sowie 40 weitere klinische Studien mit über 33 600 Patienten, die wegen einer BPH mit α-Adrenozeptorantagonisten behandelt wurden, zusammengestellt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die therapeutische Effektivität sämtlicher α-Adrenozeptorantagonisten im wesentlichen gleich ist. Im Durchschnitt wird eine Verbesserung der Symptomenscores um 35 % beobachtet. Der mittlere Anstieg der maximalen Harnflußrate liegt zwischen 1,8 und 2,5 ml/s. Untersuchungen zur Langzeiteffektivität und Lebensqualität deuten auf andauernde Verbesserungen hin. Durch die Einführung selektiver α1-Adrenozeptorantagonisten konnte eine deutliche Verminderung der Nebenwirkungen dieser Substanzen erzielt werden. Diese Nebenwirkungen sind in erster Linie durch die blutdrucksenkenden Eigenschaften der α-Blocker bedingt. Die Etablierung sog. uroselektiver α1A-Adrenozeptorantagonisten in die Behandlung der BPH führt möglicherweise zu einer weiteren Reduktion durch Blutdrucksenkung bedingter unerwünschter Eigenschaften. Bis zur Klärung des Stellenwertes der verschiedenen Medikamente in prospektiven vergleichenden Studien, sollten solche α1-Adrenozeptorantagonisten Verwendung finden, die kostengünstig sind und sich als sicher und effektiv erwiesen haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 15 (1988), S. 329-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsin ; blue membrane ; purple membrane films ; electric-field-induced states ; dielectric dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electric field induced conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin were studied in six types of dried film (randomly and electrically oriented membranes of purple as well as cation-depleted blue bacteriorhodopsin) by measuring the frequency dependence of the optical absorbance change and the dielectric dispersion and absorption. For the purple bacteriorhodopsin the optical absorbance change induced by alternating rectangular electric fields of ±300 kV/cm altered the sign twice in the frequency range from 0.001 Hz to 100 kHz (around 0.03 Hz and 100 kHz), indicating that the electric field induced conformational change in these samples consists of, at least, three steps. Similarly, it was found for the blue bacteriorhodopsin that at least two steps are involved. In accord with optical measurements, the dielectric behaviour due to alternating sinusoidal electric fields of±6kV/cm in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 MHz showed two broad dispersion/absorption regions, one below 1 kHz and the other around 10–100 kHz. This suggests that the conformational change of bacteriorhodopsin is also reflected by its dielectrical properties and that it is partially induced at 6 kV/cm. Including previous results obtained by analysis of the action of DC fields on purple membrane films, a model for a field-induced cyclic reaction for purple as well as blue bacteriorhodopsin is proposed. In addition it was found that there are electrical interactions among purple membrane fragments in dried films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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