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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 713-716 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Keywords Synovial sarcoma ; Popliteal cyst ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Synovial sarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma particularly in the adolescent and young adult. We report an unusual case of a synovial sarcoma arising within a popliteal cyst in a 13-year-old female presenting with bilateral popliteal cysts. MR imaging demonstrated the cyst with evidence of subacute haemorrhage and a discrete nodule of tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 492-501 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Osteosarkom ; MR-Bildgebung ; Röntgen ; Key words Osteosarcoma ; MR imaging ; X-ray
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour with the exception of myeloma. The majority of osteosarcoma cases arise within bone and are called conventional osteosarcoma. Intraosseous variants include telangiectatic, small-cell, low-grade intraosseous and cortical osteosarcoma. Less than 10% of osteosarcomas arise on the surface of bone and are subdivided into periosteal, high-grade surface and parosteal varieties. The imaging features of these subtypes of osteosarcoma are described and the impact on diagnosis highlighted. Using material from over 750 osteosarcomas treated at the author’s centre, this article reviews the role of imaging in the management of this condition. Detection still relies principally on the conventional radiograph with bone scintigraphy and MR imaging useful in occult tumours. Establishing the radiological diagnosis depends on careful analysis of the radiographs, with particular attention paid to the nature and extent of bone destruction, periosteal new bone formation and matrix mineralization. The prudent radiologist will be wary of those bone conditions, such as stress fractures and osteomyelitis, which are frequently mistaken for osteosarcoma. Appropriate surgical staging requires MR imaging of the primary tumour to show the bony and soft tissue extent of the lesion and to confirm/exclude skip metastases and local lymph-node involvement. Staging should also include bone scintigraphy to confirm/exclude multiple lesions and chest CT to confirm/exclude pulmonary metastases. Following definitive surgery, imaging is used in the follow-up to monitor potential local recurrence and the development of pulmonary or osseous metastases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Osteosarkom ist abgesehen vom Myelom der häufigste primäre bösartige Knochentumor. Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Osteosarkome kommen innerhalb des Knochens vor und werden „konventionelle Osteosarkome” genannt. Die im Knochen vorkommenden Varianten beinhalten teleangiektatische, kleinzellige, niedrig differenzierte intraossäre und kortikale Osteosarkome. Weniger als 10% der Osteosarkome treten an der Knochenoberfläche auf. Diese werden in periosteale, hochgradig differenzierte, oberflächliche und paraostale Varianten unterteilt. Im folgenden werden Osteosarkom-Bildgebungsmethodik und ihr Einfluß auf Diagnose und Therapie diskutiert. Basis dafür sind 750 Osteosarkomen, die am klinischen Zentrum des Autors behandelt wurden. Die Erkennung des Tumors beruht immer noch auf konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen, während Knochenszintigraphie und Kernspintomographie helfen, diskrete Tumoren aufzuspüren. Die radiologische Diagnose gründet sich auf sorgfältigen Röntgenbildanalysen, unter spezieller Berücksichtigung von Natur und Ausdehnung der Knochendestruktionen, periostalen Knochenneubildungen und Matrixverkalkungen. Streßfrakturen und Osteomyelitiden können differentialdiagnostische Probleme aufwerfen. Die chirurgische Stadieneinteilung beruht auf der kernspintomographischen Darstellung des Primärtumors. Mit ihrer Hilfe kann das Ausmaß des Tumors in Knochen und Weichteilen erkannt, Metastasen bestätigt oder ausgeschlossen sowie der Befall regionärer Lymphknoten abgegrenzt werden. In die Stadieneinteilung sollte auch Knochenszintigraphie sowie Thoraxcomputertomographie mit einbezogen werden, um multiple Läsionen bzw. Lungenmetastasen auszuschließen. Anschließend an die chirurgische Behandlung wird die Bildgebung in Nachsorgeuntersuchungen eingesetzt, um Lokalrezidive und Lungen- bzw. Knochenmetastasen zu erfassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 477-493 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Bed friction ; Hydrodynamics ; Shallow sea ; Galerkin ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mathematical formulation of a three-dimensional shallow sea model using a modal expansion in the veitical is briefly described.The importance of the time discretization of the vertical diffusion term and bottom friction term is discussed in some detail. Both stability theory and numerical calculations show the importance of time centring or evaluating the modal form of the viscosity term at the higher time step in order to develop a numerically efficient algorithm. Similar analysis and calculations show that in shallow water it is essential to time centre or evaluate bottom friction at the higher time step. In the case of linear bottom friction it is shown that this condition can be readily accomplished. However, using a quadratic friction formulation (a more physically realistic form), this cannot be readily achieved. A new algorithm is presented whereby a stable solution can be obtained even in shallow water using quadratic bottom friction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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