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  • Carboplatin  (2)
  • Urine  (2)
  • Benzodiazepines  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of a limited sampling model for carboplatin in a high-dose chemotherapy combination (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 35 (1994), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Carboplatin ; Limited sampling ; Validation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A limited sampling model for the estimation of the carboplatin area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC), as developed by Sørensen et al., was validated prospectively for the use in a high-dose combination chemotherapy schedule. The model allows an estimation of the AUC on the basis of only one timed plasma drug concentration, sampled at exactly 2.75 h after a 1-h carboplatin infusion. Pharmacokinetic curves were obtained from nine patients receiving carboplatin (400 mg/m2 per day) combined with cyclophosphamide (1500 mg/m2 per day), thiotepa (120 mg/m2 per day), and mesna (3 g/day) for 4 consecutive days. Peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) was performed 3 days later to restore hematopoiesis. Using this combination of high doses, the model proved to be unbiased (MPE −3.40%; SE, 1.22%) and highly precise [root mean squared prediction error (RMSE), 5.15%; SE, 0.17%] for estimation of the AUC during 4 consecutive days. The validated limited sampling model provides a starting point for future pharmacokinetic studies in a larger population of patients, which might lead to more insight into the relationships with the pharmacodynamic outcome of carboplatin and may help in achieving more rational dosing of patients on the basis of an AUC determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686644
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of formulas using the serum creatinine level to calculate the optimal dosage of carboplatin (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 37 (1995), S. 266-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: AUC ; Carboplatin ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carboplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent frequently used in the treatment of various malignancies. An individual dosing strategy has been recommended to yield the most optimal exposure, expressed as the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). The formula developed by Calvert et al. (dose = target-AUC × [GFR+25]) can be used to achieve this. However, due to the inconvenient [51Cr]-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([51Cr]-EDTA)-based measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), its application in the clinic has thus far been limited. Chatelut and coworkers have recently proposed a formula to estimate carboplatin clearance using the serum creatinine concentration. We retrospectively tested the Chatelut equation and the Calvert formula using either the creatinine clearance based on 24-h urine collection or the creatinine clearance based on the formula of Cockcroft and Gault. The latter equations were shown to predict the carboplatin clearance reasonably well, although systematic overprediction and underprediction occurred. However, the formula proposed by Chatelut and co-workers had no significant bias and was precise. It is proposed that this formula be used to calculate the optimal carboplatin dosage after prospective validation has been performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688327
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminative stimulus properties of alprazolam (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 148 (2000), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Alprazolam ; Drug discrimination ; Benzodiazepines ; Antidepressant ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam has a unique clinical profile compared to most other benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam, chlordiazepoxide), in that it is used to treat panic disorder and is effective in depression, two disorders that are usually treated with anti-depressants. Previous drug discrimination studies suggested that alprazolam has stimulus properties in common with antidepressants. Objective: In the present study, the discriminative stimulus properties of alprazolam were investigated to test more conclusively the role of benzodiazepine receptors and whether alprazolam has stimulus properties in common with antidepressants. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=12) were trained to discriminate between alprazolam (2.0 mg/kg, PO) and vehicle in an operant two-lever drug discrimination procedure under a tandem VI40”-FR10 schedule of reinforcement. Generalization and antagonism tests were carried out under 2 min extinction. Results: In generalization tests, a number of benzodiazepines (alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, midazolam, lorazepam) and the barbiturate pentobarbital substituted completely, while zolpidem and abecarnil substituted partially for alprazolam. In contrast, no significant degree of generalization to the antidepressants imipramine and fluvoxamine and the putative antidepressants buspirone and flesinoxan was found. In antagonism studies alprazolam could be antagonized (almost) completely by flumazenil, partially by pentylenetetrazole, but not by methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG-7142) and picrotoxin. Conclusions: These results show that the discriminative stimulus properties of alprazolam are mediated by benzodiazepine receptors and that the finding that antidepressants share discriminative stimulus effects with alprazolam may have limited generality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050036
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal excretion of iodine-131 labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine and metabolites after therapeutic doses in patients suffering from different neural crest-derived tumours (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 544-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Metabolism ; [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ; Radionuclide therapy ; Renal excretion ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Iodine-131 labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) is used for diagnostic scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy of neural crest-derived tumours. After administration of therapeutic doses of [131I]MIBG (3.1–7.5 GBq) to 17 patients (n=32 courses), aged 2–73 years, 56%±10%, 73%±11%, 80%±10% and 83%±10% of the dose was cumulatively excreted as total radioactivity in urine at t=24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Except for two adult patients, who showed excretion of 14%–18% of [131I]meta-iodohippuric acid ([131I]MIHA), the cumulatively excreted radioactivity consisted of 〉85% [131I]MIBG, with 6% of the dose excreted as free [131I]iodide, 4% as [131I]MIHA and 2.5% as an unknown iodine-131 labelled metabolite. Cumulative renal excretion rates of total radioactivity and of [131I]MIBG appeared to be higher in neuroblastoma and phaeochromocytoma patients than in carcinoid patients. Based on the excretion of small amounts of [131I]meta-iodobenzoic acid in two patients, a possible metabolic pathway for [131I]MIBG is suggested. The degree of metabolism was not related to the extent of liver uptake of radioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01267687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal excretion of iodine-131 labelledmeta-iodobenzylguanidine and metabolites after therapeutic doses in patients suffering from different neural crest-derived tumours (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 544-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Metabolism ; [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ; Radionuclide therapy ; Renal excretion ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Iodine-131 labelledmeta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) is used for diagnostic scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy of neural crest-derived tumours. After administration of therapeutic doses of [131I]MIBG (3.1–7.5 GBq) to 17 patients (n=32 courses), aged 2–73 years, 56%±10%, 73%±11%, 80%±10% and 83%±10% of the dose was cumulatively excreted as total radioactivity in urine att=24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Except for two adult patients, who showed excretion of 14%–18% of [131I]meta-iodohippuric acid ([131I]MIHA), the cumulatively excreted radioactivity consisted of 〉85% [131I]MIBG, with 6% of the dose excreted as free [131I]iodide, 4% as [131I]MINA and 2.5% as an unknown iodine-131 labelled metabolite. Cumulative renal excretion rates of total radioactivity and of [131I]MIBG appeared to be higher in neuroblastoma and phaeochromocytoma patients than in carcinoid patients. Based on the excretion of small amounts of [131I]meta-iodobenzoic acid in two patients, a possible metabolic pathway for [131I]MIBG is suggested. The degree of metabolism was not related to the extent of liver uptake of radioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01267687
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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