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  • Benzodiazepines  (1)
  • Infants and children  (1)
  • Stable xenon  (1)
  • Xe CT-CBF  (1)
  • Xenon contrast  (1)
Source
Material
Years
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of the pediatric shoulder: nontraumatic lesions (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 352-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Shoulder ; MRI ; Infants and children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Magnetic resonance imaging is an established technique for imaging the shoulder because it demonstrates clearly the articular surfaces, medullary canal and the extra-articular soft tissues which can be affected in shoulder disorders. The value of MR imaging in the evaluation of the traumatized shoulder has been described [1]; however, few cases of MR imaging in nontraumatic disorders in children have been reported. We reviewed the findings in 55 children undergoing MRI of the shoulder for nontraumatic conditions and included selected cases showing a broad range of imaging findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050166
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging local cerebral blood flow by Xenon-enhanced computed tomography — Technical optimization procedures (1988)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral blood flow ; Computed tomography ; Partition coefficients ; Xenon contrast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methods are described for non-invasive, computer-assisted serial scanning throghout the human brain during eight minutes of inhalation of 27%–30% Xenon gas in order to measure local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Optimized Xenonenhanced computed tomography (XeCT) was achieved by 5-second scanning at one-minute intervals utilizing a state-of-the-art CT scanner and rapid delivery of Xenon gas via a face mask. Values for local brain-blood partition coefficients (Lλ) measured in vivo were utilized to calculate LCBF values. Previous methods assumed Lλ values to be normal, introducing the risk of systematic errors, because Lλ values differ throughout normal brain and may be altered by disease. Color-coded maps of Lλ and LCBF values were formatted directly onto CT images for exact correlation of function with anatomic and pathologic observations (spatial resolution: 26.5 cubic mm). Results were compared among eight normal volunteers, aged between 50 and 88 years. Mean cortical gray matter blood flow was 46.3±7.7, for subcortical gray matter was 50.3±13.2 and for white matter was 18.8±3.2. Modern CT scanners provide stability, improved signal to noise ratio and minimal radiation scatter. Combining these advantages with rapid Xenon saturation of the blood provides correlations of Lλ and LCBF with images of normal and abnormal brain in a safe, useful and non-invasive manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328177
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical and subcortical hyperperfusion during migraine and cluster headache measured by Xe CT-CBF (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction ; cerebral blood flow ; Cluster headache ; Migraine ; Spreading cortical depression ; Xe CT-CBF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary High-resolution, color-coded images of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) were made utilizing stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography among patients with common migraine (n=18), classic migraine (n=12) and cluster headache (n=5). During spontaneously occurring headache in common and classic migraine patients, LCBF values for cerebral cortex and subcortical gray and white matter were diffusely increased by 20–40% with the exception of the occipital lobes. LCBF increases involved both hemispheres whether the head pain was unilateral or bilateral. No significant differences were noted in the degree or pattern of LCBF increases during headaches of common and classic migraineurs. Similar cerebral hyperperfusion of greater magnitude was observed during cluster headaches but was more prominent on the side of the head pain. Present observations do not support the hypothesis of spreading cortical depression as a cause of classic migraine. From a hemodynamic viewpoint, LCBF increases during headaches of common or classic migraine or cluster appear similar. Evidence is adduced that sympathetic hypofunction with denervation hypersensitivity of cerebral vessels plays a role in the cerebral hyperperfusion of migraine headaches. More pronounced unilateral autonomic derangements appear to account for the symptoms and cerebral hyperperfusion associated with cluster headaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593934
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LCBF values decline while Lλ values increase during normal human aging measured by stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography (1988)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral blood flow ; Partition coefficient ; Computed tomography ; Stable xenon ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results of measurements of LCBF and Lλ values utilizing optimal CT-CBF methods under resting conditions are reported among thirty-two neurologically normal volunteers aged between 20 and 88 years. Measurements were made during inhalation of 26–30% stable xenon gas for 8 min and serial scanning utilizing a state-of the-art CT scanner with both eyes closed and ears unplugged. LCBF values for cortical gray matter were lowest in occipital cortex and highest in frontal cortex. Gray matter flow values were also high in subcortical structures with highest values measured in the thalamus. For white matter, highest flow values were measured in the internal capsule. Changes in LCBF and Lλ values were analyzed with respect to advancing age. Significant age-related declines in LCBF values were observed in occipital cortex and frontal white matter. Significant age-related increases in Lλ values were measured in frontal and temporal cortex, caudate nucleus and thalamus. Possible explanations are offered for these age-related increases in Lλ values for gray matter, such as accumulation of lipofuscin in neurons and relative compacting of gray matter with advancing age. The latter increases the numbers of nerve cells sampled per volume of gray matter measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339684
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of chlordiazepoxide and CL 218,872 on serum corticosterone concentrations in rats (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 467-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepines ; Triazolopyridazines ; Corticosterone ; Anxiety ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifteen minute exposure to a novel environment plus 120 dB sound stimulation produced a three-fold increase in serum corticosterone concentrations in rats. A low dose of intraperitoneally (IP) administered chlordiazepoxide (CDP) (5 mg/kg) attenuated this response, whereas a higher dose (20 mg/kg) elevated corticosterone concentrations in rats not subjected to sound stress. Parallel results were obtained after intracerebroventricular (ICV) drug administration, with a low dose of CDP (5 μg) reducing the sound stress response and higher doses (25 and 50 μg) increasing corticosterone concentrations in unstressed animals. Thus, despite the presence of benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors at every level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, it appears that BDZs alter the activity of this system via an interaction with BDZ receptors in brain. CL 218,872 (2.5–20 mg/kg), a novel non-BDZ anxiolytic compound, did not attenuate the corticosterone elevation produced by sound stimulation, and also failed to alter baseline corticosterone concentrations in unstressed animals. The fact that CL 218,872 is a selective agonist for brain Type I BDZ receptors suggests that BDZs are not influencing corticosterone secretion through an interaction with this BDZ receptor subtype. Furthermore, these results indicate that stress (as measured by pituitary-adrenocortical activation) can be dissociated from anxiety (as measured by conflict paradigms), thus challenging the validity of the corticosteroid stress test as a screening procedure for anxiolytic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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