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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminative stimulus properties of alprazolam (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 148 (2000), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Alprazolam ; Drug discrimination ; Benzodiazepines ; Antidepressant ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam has a unique clinical profile compared to most other benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam, chlordiazepoxide), in that it is used to treat panic disorder and is effective in depression, two disorders that are usually treated with anti-depressants. Previous drug discrimination studies suggested that alprazolam has stimulus properties in common with antidepressants. Objective: In the present study, the discriminative stimulus properties of alprazolam were investigated to test more conclusively the role of benzodiazepine receptors and whether alprazolam has stimulus properties in common with antidepressants. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=12) were trained to discriminate between alprazolam (2.0 mg/kg, PO) and vehicle in an operant two-lever drug discrimination procedure under a tandem VI40”-FR10 schedule of reinforcement. Generalization and antagonism tests were carried out under 2 min extinction. Results: In generalization tests, a number of benzodiazepines (alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, midazolam, lorazepam) and the barbiturate pentobarbital substituted completely, while zolpidem and abecarnil substituted partially for alprazolam. In contrast, no significant degree of generalization to the antidepressants imipramine and fluvoxamine and the putative antidepressants buspirone and flesinoxan was found. In antagonism studies alprazolam could be antagonized (almost) completely by flumazenil, partially by pentylenetetrazole, but not by methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG-7142) and picrotoxin. Conclusions: These results show that the discriminative stimulus properties of alprazolam are mediated by benzodiazepine receptors and that the finding that antidepressants share discriminative stimulus effects with alprazolam may have limited generality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050036
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal excretion of iodine-131 labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine and metabolites after therapeutic doses in patients suffering from different neural crest-derived tumours (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 544-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Metabolism ; [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ; Radionuclide therapy ; Renal excretion ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Iodine-131 labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) is used for diagnostic scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy of neural crest-derived tumours. After administration of therapeutic doses of [131I]MIBG (3.1–7.5 GBq) to 17 patients (n=32 courses), aged 2–73 years, 56%±10%, 73%±11%, 80%±10% and 83%±10% of the dose was cumulatively excreted as total radioactivity in urine at t=24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Except for two adult patients, who showed excretion of 14%–18% of [131I]meta-iodohippuric acid ([131I]MIHA), the cumulatively excreted radioactivity consisted of 〉85% [131I]MIBG, with 6% of the dose excreted as free [131I]iodide, 4% as [131I]MIHA and 2.5% as an unknown iodine-131 labelled metabolite. Cumulative renal excretion rates of total radioactivity and of [131I]MIBG appeared to be higher in neuroblastoma and phaeochromocytoma patients than in carcinoid patients. Based on the excretion of small amounts of [131I]meta-iodobenzoic acid in two patients, a possible metabolic pathway for [131I]MIBG is suggested. The degree of metabolism was not related to the extent of liver uptake of radioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01267687
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal excretion of iodine-131 labelledmeta-iodobenzylguanidine and metabolites after therapeutic doses in patients suffering from different neural crest-derived tumours (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 544-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Metabolism ; [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ; Radionuclide therapy ; Renal excretion ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Iodine-131 labelledmeta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) is used for diagnostic scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy of neural crest-derived tumours. After administration of therapeutic doses of [131I]MIBG (3.1–7.5 GBq) to 17 patients (n=32 courses), aged 2–73 years, 56%±10%, 73%±11%, 80%±10% and 83%±10% of the dose was cumulatively excreted as total radioactivity in urine att=24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Except for two adult patients, who showed excretion of 14%–18% of [131I]meta-iodohippuric acid ([131I]MIHA), the cumulatively excreted radioactivity consisted of 〉85% [131I]MIBG, with 6% of the dose excreted as free [131I]iodide, 4% as [131I]MINA and 2.5% as an unknown iodine-131 labelled metabolite. Cumulative renal excretion rates of total radioactivity and of [131I]MIBG appeared to be higher in neuroblastoma and phaeochromocytoma patients than in carcinoid patients. Based on the excretion of small amounts of [131I]meta-iodobenzoic acid in two patients, a possible metabolic pathway for [131I]MIBG is suggested. The degree of metabolism was not related to the extent of liver uptake of radioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01267687
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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